Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021

The increasing involvement of wild waterfowl in H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) circulation continues to pose a threat to animal and public health worldwide. In winter 2020–2021, two field surveillance activities were carried out on a weekly basis, through virological and serologi...

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Autores principales:	Federica Gobbo, Diletta Fornasiero, Maria Alessandra De Marco, Bianca Zecchin, Paolo Mulatti, Mauro Delogu, Calogero Terregino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	avian influenza virus HPAI H5 subtypes clade 2.3.4.4b migratory aquatic bird active surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24ca6690b9d3458d9a63534fe7351748
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24ca6690b9d3458d9a63534fe73517482021-11-25T18:24:05ZActive Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–202110.3390/microorganisms91121882076-2607https://doaj.org/article/24ca6690b9d3458d9a63534fe73517482021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2188https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The increasing involvement of wild waterfowl in H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) circulation continues to pose a threat to animal and public health worldwide. In winter 2020–2021, two field surveillance activities were carried out on a weekly basis, through virological and serological analyses, in 823 hunted and 521 trapped migratory aquatic birds in northeast Italy. Sixty Eurasian teals were recaptured several times, which allowed us to follow the progression of the HPAI H5 infection in naturally infected wild waterfowl. Oropharyngeal, cloacal, and feather swabs (OS, CS and FS) were collected from each duck and tested by real time rRT-PCR Type A influenza. The identified viruses were characterized and pathotyped by sequencing. Several viruses belonging to three different HPAI H5 subtypes were detected: H5N8, H5N5, and H5N1. High prevalence of infection with HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b during November–December 2020 (up to 27.1%) was observed in captured Eurasian teals, while infection rates in hunted dabbling ducks, mainly Eurasian wigeons, showed the highest prevalence of infection in November 2020 (8.9%) and January 2021 (10.2%). All HPAI positive birds were also clinically healthy when recaptured weeks apart. The OS and FS showed the highest detection efficiency of HPAIV. Our results highlight that HPAI passive surveillance should be complemented by a targeted active surveillance to more efficiently detect novel HPAI viruses.Federica GobboDiletta FornasieroMaria Alessandra De MarcoBianca ZecchinPaolo MulattiMauro DeloguCalogero TerreginoMDPI AGarticleavian influenza virusHPAI H5 subtypes clade 2.3.4.4bmigratory aquatic birdactive surveillanceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2188, p 2188 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	avian influenza virus HPAI H5 subtypes clade 2.3.4.4b migratory aquatic bird active surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	avian influenza virus HPAI H5 subtypes clade 2.3.4.4b migratory aquatic bird active surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Federica Gobbo Diletta Fornasiero Maria Alessandra De Marco Bianca Zecchin Paolo Mulatti Mauro Delogu Calogero Terregino Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
description	The increasing involvement of wild waterfowl in H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) circulation continues to pose a threat to animal and public health worldwide. In winter 2020–2021, two field surveillance activities were carried out on a weekly basis, through virological and serological analyses, in 823 hunted and 521 trapped migratory aquatic birds in northeast Italy. Sixty Eurasian teals were recaptured several times, which allowed us to follow the progression of the HPAI H5 infection in naturally infected wild waterfowl. Oropharyngeal, cloacal, and feather swabs (OS, CS and FS) were collected from each duck and tested by real time rRT-PCR Type A influenza. The identified viruses were characterized and pathotyped by sequencing. Several viruses belonging to three different HPAI H5 subtypes were detected: H5N8, H5N5, and H5N1. High prevalence of infection with HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b during November–December 2020 (up to 27.1%) was observed in captured Eurasian teals, while infection rates in hunted dabbling ducks, mainly Eurasian wigeons, showed the highest prevalence of infection in November 2020 (8.9%) and January 2021 (10.2%). All HPAI positive birds were also clinically healthy when recaptured weeks apart. The OS and FS showed the highest detection efficiency of HPAIV. Our results highlight that HPAI passive surveillance should be complemented by a targeted active surveillance to more efficiently detect novel HPAI viruses.
format	article
author	Federica Gobbo Diletta Fornasiero Maria Alessandra De Marco Bianca Zecchin Paolo Mulatti Mauro Delogu Calogero Terregino
author_facet	Federica Gobbo Diletta Fornasiero Maria Alessandra De Marco Bianca Zecchin Paolo Mulatti Mauro Delogu Calogero Terregino
author_sort	Federica Gobbo
title	Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
title_short	Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
title_full	Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
title_fullStr	Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
title_full_unstemmed	Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021
title_sort	active surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wintering waterbirds in northeast italy, 2020–2021
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/24ca6690b9d3458d9a63534fe7351748
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Active Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wintering Waterbirds in Northeast Italy, 2020–2021

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