Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.

Organisms have evolved under stable natural lighting regimes, employing cues from these to govern key ecological processes. However, the extent and density of artificial lighting within the environment has increased recently, causing widespread alteration of these regimes. Indeed, night-time electri...

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Autores principales:	Richard Inger, Jonathan Bennie, Thomas W Davies, Kevin J Gaston
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24d3a855d21e4a3595e04f09906f4cf4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24d3a855d21e4a3595e04f09906f4cf42021-11-18T08:17:54ZPotential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0098631https://doaj.org/article/24d3a855d21e4a3595e04f09906f4cf42014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24874801/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Organisms have evolved under stable natural lighting regimes, employing cues from these to govern key ecological processes. However, the extent and density of artificial lighting within the environment has increased recently, causing widespread alteration of these regimes. Indeed, night-time electric lighting is known significantly to disrupt phenology, behaviour, and reproductive success, and thence community composition and ecosystem functioning. Until now, most attention has focussed on effects of the occurrence, timing, and spectral composition of artificial lighting. Little considered is that many types of lamp do not produce a constant stream of light but a series of pulses. This flickering light has been shown to have detrimental effects in humans and other species. Whether a species is likely to be affected will largely be determined by its visual temporal resolution, measured as the critical fusion frequency. That is the frequency at which a series of light pulses are perceived as a constant stream. Here we use the largest collation to date of critical fusion frequencies, across a broad range of taxa, to demonstrate that a significant proportion of species can detect such flicker in widely used lamps. Flickering artificial light thus has marked potential to produce ecological effects that have not previously been considered.Richard IngerJonathan BennieThomas W DaviesKevin J GastonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e98631 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Richard Inger Jonathan Bennie Thomas W Davies Kevin J Gaston Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
description	Organisms have evolved under stable natural lighting regimes, employing cues from these to govern key ecological processes. However, the extent and density of artificial lighting within the environment has increased recently, causing widespread alteration of these regimes. Indeed, night-time electric lighting is known significantly to disrupt phenology, behaviour, and reproductive success, and thence community composition and ecosystem functioning. Until now, most attention has focussed on effects of the occurrence, timing, and spectral composition of artificial lighting. Little considered is that many types of lamp do not produce a constant stream of light but a series of pulses. This flickering light has been shown to have detrimental effects in humans and other species. Whether a species is likely to be affected will largely be determined by its visual temporal resolution, measured as the critical fusion frequency. That is the frequency at which a series of light pulses are perceived as a constant stream. Here we use the largest collation to date of critical fusion frequencies, across a broad range of taxa, to demonstrate that a significant proportion of species can detect such flicker in widely used lamps. Flickering artificial light thus has marked potential to produce ecological effects that have not previously been considered.
format	article
author	Richard Inger Jonathan Bennie Thomas W Davies Kevin J Gaston
author_facet	Richard Inger Jonathan Bennie Thomas W Davies Kevin J Gaston
author_sort	Richard Inger
title	Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
title_short	Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
title_full	Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
title_fullStr	Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
title_full_unstemmed	Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
title_sort	potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/24d3a855d21e4a3595e04f09906f4cf4
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Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light.

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