Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were mode...

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Autores principales:	Carla Candeias, Paula Freire Ávila, Célia Alves, Carla Gama, Cristina Sequeira, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Fernando Rocha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Fogo volcano Sahara dust outdoor dust environmental impact human health risk assessment Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24d4c6bd1fc8458fbe3d06e81b2397f6
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:24d4c6bd1fc8458fbe3d06e81b2397f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24d4c6bd1fc8458fbe3d06e81b2397f62021-11-25T18:26:46ZDust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)10.3390/min111112752075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/24d4c6bd1fc8458fbe3d06e81b2397f62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1275https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XFogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was >1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction <63 µm, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As > Pb > Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations exceeded the 24-h mean of 50 µg/m<sup>3</sup> recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO<sub>2</sub> were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.Carla CandeiasPaula Freire ÁvilaCélia AlvesCarla GamaCristina SequeiraEduardo Ferreira da SilvaFernando RochaMDPI AGarticleFogo volcanoSahara dustoutdoor dustenvironmental impacthuman health risk assessmentMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1275, p 1275 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Fogo volcano Sahara dust outdoor dust environmental impact human health risk assessment Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	Fogo volcano Sahara dust outdoor dust environmental impact human health risk assessment Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Carla Candeias Paula Freire Ávila Célia Alves Carla Gama Cristina Sequeira Eduardo Ferreira da Silva Fernando Rocha Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
description	Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was >1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction <63 µm, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As > Pb > Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations exceeded the 24-h mean of 50 µg/m<sup>3</sup> recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO<sub>2</sub> were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.
format	article
author	Carla Candeias Paula Freire Ávila Célia Alves Carla Gama Cristina Sequeira Eduardo Ferreira da Silva Fernando Rocha
author_facet	Carla Candeias Paula Freire Ávila Célia Alves Carla Gama Cristina Sequeira Eduardo Ferreira da Silva Fernando Rocha
author_sort	Carla Candeias
title	Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
title_short	Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
title_full	Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
title_fullStr	Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
title_full_unstemmed	Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)
title_sort	dust characterization and its potential impact during the 2014–2015 fogo volcano eruption (cape verde)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/24d4c6bd1fc8458fbe3d06e81b2397f6
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Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

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