Fusarium Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts

The genus Fusarium produces a number of mycotoxins of diverse chemical structures. Fusariotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi of the genus Fusarium. The important and commonly encountered fusariotoxins are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and...

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Autores principales:	Theodora I. Ekwomadu, Stephen A. Akinola, Mulunda Mwanza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Fusarium</i> fusariotoxins mycotoxins free emerging masked Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24e7617f05c74f13b6169b017fa064ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24e7617f05c74f13b6169b017fa064ec2021-11-25T17:47:54Z<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts10.3390/ijerph1822117411660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/24e7617f05c74f13b6169b017fa064ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11741https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The genus <i>Fusarium</i> produces a number of mycotoxins of diverse chemical structures. Fusariotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>. The important and commonly encountered fusariotoxins are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins pose varying toxicities to humans and/or animals after consumption of contaminated grain. They can cause acute or chronic illness and, in some cases, death. For instance, a range of <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins can alter different intestinal defense mechanisms, such as the epithelial integrity, cell proliferation, mucus layer, immunoglobulins, and cytokine production. Of recent concern is the occurrence of emerging and masked <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, which may contribute to toxic health effects, although the metabolic fate of masked mycotoxins still remains a matter of scientific discussion. These mycotoxins have attracted attention worldwide because of their impact on human and animal health, animal productivity, and the associated economic losses. In this paper, we review <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins and their metabolites with the aim of summarizing the baseline information on the types, occurrence, and health impacts of these mycotoxins in order to encourage much-needed research on integrated management of this unavoidable food contaminant as concerns for food safety continues to grow worldwide.Theodora I. EkwomaduStephen A. AkinolaMulunda MwanzaMDPI AGarticle<i>Fusarium</i>fusariotoxinsmycotoxinsfreeemergingmaskedMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11741, p 11741 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Fusarium</i> fusariotoxins mycotoxins free emerging masked Medicine R
spellingShingle	<i>Fusarium</i> fusariotoxins mycotoxins free emerging masked Medicine R Theodora I. Ekwomadu Stephen A. Akinola Mulunda Mwanza <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
description	The genus <i>Fusarium</i> produces a number of mycotoxins of diverse chemical structures. Fusariotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>. The important and commonly encountered fusariotoxins are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins pose varying toxicities to humans and/or animals after consumption of contaminated grain. They can cause acute or chronic illness and, in some cases, death. For instance, a range of <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins can alter different intestinal defense mechanisms, such as the epithelial integrity, cell proliferation, mucus layer, immunoglobulins, and cytokine production. Of recent concern is the occurrence of emerging and masked <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, which may contribute to toxic health effects, although the metabolic fate of masked mycotoxins still remains a matter of scientific discussion. These mycotoxins have attracted attention worldwide because of their impact on human and animal health, animal productivity, and the associated economic losses. In this paper, we review <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins and their metabolites with the aim of summarizing the baseline information on the types, occurrence, and health impacts of these mycotoxins in order to encourage much-needed research on integrated management of this unavoidable food contaminant as concerns for food safety continues to grow worldwide.
format	article
author	Theodora I. Ekwomadu Stephen A. Akinola Mulunda Mwanza
author_facet	Theodora I. Ekwomadu Stephen A. Akinola Mulunda Mwanza
author_sort	Theodora I. Ekwomadu
title	<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
title_short	<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
title_full	<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
title_fullStr	<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts
title_sort	<i>fusarium</i> mycotoxins, their metabolites (free, emerging, and masked), food safety concerns, and health impacts
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/24e7617f05c74f13b6169b017fa064ec
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<i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts

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