Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan

Conceptualizing the climate change perspective of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) rates and subsequent irrigation water requirements (IWR) is necessary for sustaining the agriculture sector and tackling food security issues in Pakistan. This article projects the future growth periods and wa...

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Autores principales:	Mirza Junaid Ahmad, Gun-Ho Cho, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seulgi Lee, Bashir Adelodun, Kyung-Sook Choi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	climate change pakistan water demands wheat-rice system Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/250782c5f98e47368692457b716e8a33
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:250782c5f98e47368692457b716e8a332021-11-05T18:52:25ZInfluence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan2040-22442408-935410.2166/wcc.2020.009https://doaj.org/article/250782c5f98e47368692457b716e8a332021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/12/4/1184https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2244https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9354Conceptualizing the climate change perspective of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) rates and subsequent irrigation water requirements (IWR) is necessary for sustaining the agriculture sector and tackling food security issues in Pakistan. This article projects the future growth periods and water demands for the wheat-rice system of Punjab. Intense and hotter transitions in the future thermal regimes and erratic monsoon rainfall increments were envisaged. The crop growth rates were accelerated by the probable temperature rise resulting in shortened growth periods. The temperature rise increased the reference evapotranspiration rates; however, the future ETc declined due to reduced growth period and net radiation. Highly unpredictable, but mostly increasing, cumulative seasonal and annual rainfalls were indicative of more effective rainfalls during the future crop seasons. Reduced ETc and increments in seasonal effective rainfalls gave rise to the declining IWR for both crops. The study findings seemingly undermined the harmful climate change influences on the water requirements of the wheat-rice system of Punjab but alarmingly shortening of growth periods indicates a higher crop failure tendency under the projected future thermal regime. HIGHLIGHTS The crop water demands were projected after considering the probable changes in the future growing season lengths.; A projected decline in future net radiation counteracted the warming-driven increments in crop evapotranspiration rates and irrigation water requirements.; The early maturing future crops yielded an overall decline/incline in seasonal/daily water demands making the crops more irrigation-dependent and temperature-sensitive.; Compared to the rice, the wheat was more vulnerable to future climate change threats.; A new outlook was provided for developing the optimized irrigation schedules to mitigate the climate stresses on the future crop water demands.;Mirza Junaid AhmadGun-Ho ChoSang-Hyun KimSeulgi LeeBashir AdelodunKyung-Sook ChoiIWA Publishingarticleclimate changepakistanwater demandswheat-rice systemEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENJournal of Water and Climate Change, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 1184-1202 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change pakistan water demands wheat-rice system Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	climate change pakistan water demands wheat-rice system Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Mirza Junaid Ahmad Gun-Ho Cho Sang-Hyun Kim Seulgi Lee Bashir Adelodun Kyung-Sook Choi Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
description	Conceptualizing the climate change perspective of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) rates and subsequent irrigation water requirements (IWR) is necessary for sustaining the agriculture sector and tackling food security issues in Pakistan. This article projects the future growth periods and water demands for the wheat-rice system of Punjab. Intense and hotter transitions in the future thermal regimes and erratic monsoon rainfall increments were envisaged. The crop growth rates were accelerated by the probable temperature rise resulting in shortened growth periods. The temperature rise increased the reference evapotranspiration rates; however, the future ETc declined due to reduced growth period and net radiation. Highly unpredictable, but mostly increasing, cumulative seasonal and annual rainfalls were indicative of more effective rainfalls during the future crop seasons. Reduced ETc and increments in seasonal effective rainfalls gave rise to the declining IWR for both crops. The study findings seemingly undermined the harmful climate change influences on the water requirements of the wheat-rice system of Punjab but alarmingly shortening of growth periods indicates a higher crop failure tendency under the projected future thermal regime. HIGHLIGHTS The crop water demands were projected after considering the probable changes in the future growing season lengths.; A projected decline in future net radiation counteracted the warming-driven increments in crop evapotranspiration rates and irrigation water requirements.; The early maturing future crops yielded an overall decline/incline in seasonal/daily water demands making the crops more irrigation-dependent and temperature-sensitive.; Compared to the rice, the wheat was more vulnerable to future climate change threats.; A new outlook was provided for developing the optimized irrigation schedules to mitigate the climate stresses on the future crop water demands.;
format	article
author	Mirza Junaid Ahmad Gun-Ho Cho Sang-Hyun Kim Seulgi Lee Bashir Adelodun Kyung-Sook Choi
author_facet	Mirza Junaid Ahmad Gun-Ho Cho Sang-Hyun Kim Seulgi Lee Bashir Adelodun Kyung-Sook Choi
author_sort	Mirza Junaid Ahmad
title	Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
title_short	Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
title_full	Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
title_fullStr	Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
title_sort	influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of punjab, pakistan
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/250782c5f98e47368692457b716e8a33
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Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan

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