Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.

<h4>Background</h4>The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in Brazil is peculiar because of the high frequency of isolates having the GWGR tetramer at V3 loop region. It has been suggested that GWGR is a distinct variant and less pathogenic than other subtype B isolates.<h4>Methodology/princi...

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Autores principales:	Elcio Leal, Fabiola E Villanova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/251e9c214a724ca38920bd0ea233f07b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:251e9c214a724ca38920bd0ea233f07b2021-12-02T20:19:42ZDiversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011833https://doaj.org/article/251e9c214a724ca38920bd0ea233f07b2010-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20676362/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in Brazil is peculiar because of the high frequency of isolates having the GWGR tetramer at V3 loop region. It has been suggested that GWGR is a distinct variant and less pathogenic than other subtype B isolates.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Ninety-four percent of the HIV-1 subtype B worldwide sequences (7689/8131) obtained from the Los Alamos HIV database contain proline at the tetramer of the V3 loop of the env gene (GPGR) and only 0.74% (60/8131) have tryptophan (GWGR). By contrast, 48.4% (161/333) of subtype B isolates from Brazil have proline, 30.6% (102/333) contain tryptophan and 10.5% (35/333) have phenylalanine (F) at the second position of the V3 loop tip. The proportion of tryptophan and phenylalanine in Brazilian isolates is much higher than in worldwide subtype B sequences (chi-square test, p = 0.0001). The combined proportion of proline, tryptophan and phenylalanine (GPGR+GWGR+GFGR) of Brazilian isolates corresponds to 89% of all amino acids in the V3 loop. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that almost all subtype B isolates in Brazil have a common origin regardless of their motif (GWGR, GPGR, GGGR, etc.) at the V3 tetramer. This shared ancestral origin was also observed in CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF in a genome region (free of recombination) derived from parental subtype B. These results imply that tryptophan substitution (e.g., GWGR-to-GxGR), which was previously associated with the change in the coreceptor usage within the host, also occurs at the population level.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Based on the current findings and previous study showing that tryptophan and phenylalanine in the V3 loop are related with coreceptor usage, we propose that tryptophan and phenylalanine in subtype B isolates in Brazil are kept by selective mechanisms due to the distinct coreceptor preferences in target cells of GWGR, GFGR and GFGR viruses.Elcio LealFabiola E VillanovaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 7, p e11833 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elcio Leal Fabiola E Villanova Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in Brazil is peculiar because of the high frequency of isolates having the GWGR tetramer at V3 loop region. It has been suggested that GWGR is a distinct variant and less pathogenic than other subtype B isolates.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Ninety-four percent of the HIV-1 subtype B worldwide sequences (7689/8131) obtained from the Los Alamos HIV database contain proline at the tetramer of the V3 loop of the env gene (GPGR) and only 0.74% (60/8131) have tryptophan (GWGR). By contrast, 48.4% (161/333) of subtype B isolates from Brazil have proline, 30.6% (102/333) contain tryptophan and 10.5% (35/333) have phenylalanine (F) at the second position of the V3 loop tip. The proportion of tryptophan and phenylalanine in Brazilian isolates is much higher than in worldwide subtype B sequences (chi-square test, p = 0.0001). The combined proportion of proline, tryptophan and phenylalanine (GPGR+GWGR+GFGR) of Brazilian isolates corresponds to 89% of all amino acids in the V3 loop. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that almost all subtype B isolates in Brazil have a common origin regardless of their motif (GWGR, GPGR, GGGR, etc.) at the V3 tetramer. This shared ancestral origin was also observed in CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF in a genome region (free of recombination) derived from parental subtype B. These results imply that tryptophan substitution (e.g., GWGR-to-GxGR), which was previously associated with the change in the coreceptor usage within the host, also occurs at the population level.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Based on the current findings and previous study showing that tryptophan and phenylalanine in the V3 loop are related with coreceptor usage, we propose that tryptophan and phenylalanine in subtype B isolates in Brazil are kept by selective mechanisms due to the distinct coreceptor preferences in target cells of GWGR, GFGR and GFGR viruses.
format	article
author	Elcio Leal Fabiola E Villanova
author_facet	Elcio Leal Fabiola E Villanova
author_sort	Elcio Leal
title	Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
title_short	Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
title_full	Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
title_fullStr	Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
title_sort	diversity of hiv-1 subtype b: implications to the origin of bf recombinants.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/251e9c214a724ca38920bd0ea233f07b
work_keys_str_mv	AT elcioleal diversityofhiv1subtypebimplicationstotheoriginofbfrecombinants AT fabiolaevillanova diversityofhiv1subtypebimplicationstotheoriginofbfrecombinants
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Diversity of HIV-1 subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.

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