Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models

Glyphosate (G), also known as <i>N</i>-(phosphonomethyl)glycine is the declared active ingredient of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) such as Roundup largely used in conventional agriculture. It is always used mixed with formulants. G acts in particular on the shikimate pathway, which...

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Autores principales:	Loïse Serra, Anthony Estienne, Claudine Vasseur, Pascal Froment, Joëlle Dupont
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glyphosate roundup fertility endocrine disruptors steroidogenesis hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/253a6a6a6a304905934d2329f22e489b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:253a6a6a6a304905934d2329f22e489b2021-11-25T17:11:17ZReview: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models10.3390/cells101130792073-4409https://doaj.org/article/253a6a6a6a304905934d2329f22e489b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3079https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Glyphosate (G), also known as <i>N</i>-(phosphonomethyl)glycine is the declared active ingredient of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) such as Roundup largely used in conventional agriculture. It is always used mixed with formulants. G acts in particular on the shikimate pathway, which exists in bacteria, for aromatic amino acids synthesis, but this pathway does not exist in vertebrates. In recent decades, researchers have shown by using various animal models that GBHs are endocrine disruptors that might alter reproductive functions. Our review describes the effects of exposure to G or GBHs on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in males and females in terms of endocrine disruption, cell viability, and proliferation. Most of the main regulators of the reproductive axis (GPR54, GnRH, LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone) are altered at all levels of the HPG axis (hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, testis, placenta, uterus) by exposure to GBHs which are considered more toxic than G alone due to the presence of formulants such as polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA).” In addition, we report intergenerational impacts of exposure to G or GBHs and, finally, we discuss different strategies to reduce the negative effects of GBHs on fertility.Loïse SerraAnthony EstienneClaudine VasseurPascal FromentJoëlle DupontMDPI AGarticleglyphosateroundupfertilityendocrine disruptorssteroidogenesishypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3079, p 3079 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glyphosate roundup fertility endocrine disruptors steroidogenesis hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	glyphosate roundup fertility endocrine disruptors steroidogenesis hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Loïse Serra Anthony Estienne Claudine Vasseur Pascal Froment Joëlle Dupont Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
description	Glyphosate (G), also known as <i>N</i>-(phosphonomethyl)glycine is the declared active ingredient of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) such as Roundup largely used in conventional agriculture. It is always used mixed with formulants. G acts in particular on the shikimate pathway, which exists in bacteria, for aromatic amino acids synthesis, but this pathway does not exist in vertebrates. In recent decades, researchers have shown by using various animal models that GBHs are endocrine disruptors that might alter reproductive functions. Our review describes the effects of exposure to G or GBHs on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in males and females in terms of endocrine disruption, cell viability, and proliferation. Most of the main regulators of the reproductive axis (GPR54, GnRH, LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone) are altered at all levels of the HPG axis (hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, testis, placenta, uterus) by exposure to GBHs which are considered more toxic than G alone due to the presence of formulants such as polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA).” In addition, we report intergenerational impacts of exposure to G or GBHs and, finally, we discuss different strategies to reduce the negative effects of GBHs on fertility.
format	article
author	Loïse Serra Anthony Estienne Claudine Vasseur Pascal Froment Joëlle Dupont
author_facet	Loïse Serra Anthony Estienne Claudine Vasseur Pascal Froment Joëlle Dupont
author_sort	Loïse Serra
title	Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
title_short	Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
title_full	Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
title_fullStr	Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed	Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models
title_sort	review: mechanisms of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides action in female and male fertility in humans and animal models
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/253a6a6a6a304905934d2329f22e489b
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Review: Mechanisms of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Action in Female and Male Fertility in Humans and Animal Models

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