Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome

ABSTRACT Hands play a critical role in the transmission of microbiota on one’s own body, between individuals, and on environmental surfaces. Effectively measuring the composition of the hand microbiome is important to hand hygiene science, which has implications for human health. Hand hygiene produc...

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Autores principales:	C. Zapka, J. Leff, J. Henley, J. Tittl, E. De Nardo, M. Butler, R. Griggs, N. Fierer, S. Edmonds-Wilson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	hand hygiene microbiome methods skin bacteria skin microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/256be99461f24b3facd4e8fb7f735020
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:256be99461f24b3facd4e8fb7f7350202021-11-15T15:50:58ZComparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome10.1128/mBio.00093-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/256be99461f24b3facd4e8fb7f7350202017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00093-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Hands play a critical role in the transmission of microbiota on one’s own body, between individuals, and on environmental surfaces. Effectively measuring the composition of the hand microbiome is important to hand hygiene science, which has implications for human health. Hand hygiene products are evaluated using standard culture-based methods, but standard test methods for culture-independent microbiome characterization are lacking. We sampled the hands of 50 participants using swab-based and glove-based methods prior to and following four hand hygiene treatments (using a nonantimicrobial hand wash, alcohol-based hand sanitizer [ABHS], a 70% ethanol solution, or tap water). We compared results among culture plate counts, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted directly from hands, and sequencing of DNA extracted from culture plates. Glove-based sampling yielded higher numbers of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) but had less diversity in bacterial community composition than swab-based sampling. We detected treatment-induced changes in diversity only by using swab-based samples (P < 0.001); we were unable to detect changes with glove-based samples. Bacterial cell counts significantly decreased with use of the ABHS (P < 0.05) and ethanol control (P < 0.05). Skin hydration at baseline correlated with bacterial abundances, bacterial community composition, pH, and redness across subjects. The importance of the method choice was substantial. These findings are important to ensure improvement of hand hygiene industry methods and for future hand microbiome studies. On the basis of our results and previously published studies, we propose recommendations for best practices in hand microbiome research. IMPORTANCE The hand microbiome is a critical area of research for diverse fields, such as public health and forensics. The suitability of culture-independent methods for assessing effects of hygiene products on microbiota has not been demonstrated. This is the first controlled laboratory clinical hand study to have compared traditional hand hygiene test methods with newer culture-independent characterization methods typically used by skin microbiologists. This study resulted in recommendations for hand hygiene product testing, development of methods, and future hand skin microbiome research. It also demonstrated the importance of inclusion of skin physiological metadata in skin microbiome research, which is atypical for skin microbiome studies.C. ZapkaJ. LeffJ. HenleyJ. TittlE. De NardoM. ButlerR. GriggsN. FiererS. Edmonds-WilsonAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlehandhygienemicrobiome methodsskin bacteriaskin microbiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 2 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hand hygiene microbiome methods skin bacteria skin microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	hand hygiene microbiome methods skin bacteria skin microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 C. Zapka J. Leff J. Henley J. Tittl E. De Nardo M. Butler R. Griggs N. Fierer S. Edmonds-Wilson Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
description	ABSTRACT Hands play a critical role in the transmission of microbiota on one’s own body, between individuals, and on environmental surfaces. Effectively measuring the composition of the hand microbiome is important to hand hygiene science, which has implications for human health. Hand hygiene products are evaluated using standard culture-based methods, but standard test methods for culture-independent microbiome characterization are lacking. We sampled the hands of 50 participants using swab-based and glove-based methods prior to and following four hand hygiene treatments (using a nonantimicrobial hand wash, alcohol-based hand sanitizer [ABHS], a 70% ethanol solution, or tap water). We compared results among culture plate counts, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted directly from hands, and sequencing of DNA extracted from culture plates. Glove-based sampling yielded higher numbers of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) but had less diversity in bacterial community composition than swab-based sampling. We detected treatment-induced changes in diversity only by using swab-based samples (P < 0.001); we were unable to detect changes with glove-based samples. Bacterial cell counts significantly decreased with use of the ABHS (P < 0.05) and ethanol control (P < 0.05). Skin hydration at baseline correlated with bacterial abundances, bacterial community composition, pH, and redness across subjects. The importance of the method choice was substantial. These findings are important to ensure improvement of hand hygiene industry methods and for future hand microbiome studies. On the basis of our results and previously published studies, we propose recommendations for best practices in hand microbiome research. IMPORTANCE The hand microbiome is a critical area of research for diverse fields, such as public health and forensics. The suitability of culture-independent methods for assessing effects of hygiene products on microbiota has not been demonstrated. This is the first controlled laboratory clinical hand study to have compared traditional hand hygiene test methods with newer culture-independent characterization methods typically used by skin microbiologists. This study resulted in recommendations for hand hygiene product testing, development of methods, and future hand skin microbiome research. It also demonstrated the importance of inclusion of skin physiological metadata in skin microbiome research, which is atypical for skin microbiome studies.
format	article
author	C. Zapka J. Leff J. Henley J. Tittl E. De Nardo M. Butler R. Griggs N. Fierer S. Edmonds-Wilson
author_facet	C. Zapka J. Leff J. Henley J. Tittl E. De Nardo M. Butler R. Griggs N. Fierer S. Edmonds-Wilson
author_sort	C. Zapka
title	Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
title_short	Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
title_full	Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
title_fullStr	Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
title_sort	comparison of standard culture-based method to culture-independent method for evaluation of hygiene effects on the hand microbiome
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/256be99461f24b3facd4e8fb7f735020
work_keys_str_mv	AT czapka comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT jleff comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT jhenley comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT jtittl comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT edenardo comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT mbutler comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT rgriggs comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT nfierer comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome AT sedmondswilson comparisonofstandardculturebasedmethodtocultureindependentmethodforevaluationofhygieneeffectsonthehandmicrobiome
_version_	1718427386925547520

Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome

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