Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines

Abstract A combination of techniques from 3D printing, tissue engineering and biomaterials has yielded a new class of engineered biological robots that could be reliably controlled via applied signals. These machines are powered by a muscle strip composed of differentiated skeletal myofibers in a ma...

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Autores principales:	Caroline Cvetkovic, Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks, Eunkyung Ko, Lauren Grant, Hyunjoon Kong, Manu O. Platt, Rashid Bashir
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/25b6ba08538f445e8fbad93c0f7078ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:25b6ba08538f445e8fbad93c0f7078ea2021-12-02T12:32:44ZInvestigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines10.1038/s41598-017-03723-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/25b6ba08538f445e8fbad93c0f7078ea2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03723-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A combination of techniques from 3D printing, tissue engineering and biomaterials has yielded a new class of engineered biological robots that could be reliably controlled via applied signals. These machines are powered by a muscle strip composed of differentiated skeletal myofibers in a matrix of natural proteins, including fibrin, that provide physical support and cues to the cells as an engineered basement membrane. However, maintaining consistent results becomes challenging when sustaining a living system in vitro. Skeletal muscle must be preserved in a differentiated state and the system is subject to degradation by proteolytic enzymes that can break down its mechanical integrity. Here we examine the life expectancy, breakdown, and device failure of engineered skeletal muscle bio-bots as a result of degradation by three classes of proteases: plasmin, cathepsin L, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). We also demonstrate the use of gelatin zymography to determine the effects of differentiation and inhibitor concentration on protease expression. With this knowledge, we are poised to design the next generation of complex biological machines with controllable function, specific life expectancy and greater consistency. These results could also prove useful for the study of disease-specific models, treatments of myopathies, and other tissue engineering applications.Caroline CvetkovicMeghan C. Ferrall-FairbanksEunkyung KoLauren GrantHyunjoon KongManu O. PlattRashid BashirNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caroline Cvetkovic Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks Eunkyung Ko Lauren Grant Hyunjoon Kong Manu O. Platt Rashid Bashir Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
description	Abstract A combination of techniques from 3D printing, tissue engineering and biomaterials has yielded a new class of engineered biological robots that could be reliably controlled via applied signals. These machines are powered by a muscle strip composed of differentiated skeletal myofibers in a matrix of natural proteins, including fibrin, that provide physical support and cues to the cells as an engineered basement membrane. However, maintaining consistent results becomes challenging when sustaining a living system in vitro. Skeletal muscle must be preserved in a differentiated state and the system is subject to degradation by proteolytic enzymes that can break down its mechanical integrity. Here we examine the life expectancy, breakdown, and device failure of engineered skeletal muscle bio-bots as a result of degradation by three classes of proteases: plasmin, cathepsin L, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). We also demonstrate the use of gelatin zymography to determine the effects of differentiation and inhibitor concentration on protease expression. With this knowledge, we are poised to design the next generation of complex biological machines with controllable function, specific life expectancy and greater consistency. These results could also prove useful for the study of disease-specific models, treatments of myopathies, and other tissue engineering applications.
format	article
author	Caroline Cvetkovic Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks Eunkyung Ko Lauren Grant Hyunjoon Kong Manu O. Platt Rashid Bashir
author_facet	Caroline Cvetkovic Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks Eunkyung Ko Lauren Grant Hyunjoon Kong Manu O. Platt Rashid Bashir
author_sort	Caroline Cvetkovic
title	Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
title_short	Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
title_full	Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
title_fullStr	Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
title_full_unstemmed	Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines
title_sort	investigating the life expectancy and proteolytic degradation of engineered skeletal muscle biological machines
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/25b6ba08538f445e8fbad93c0f7078ea
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Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines

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