Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood

Yoshitaka Ishii,1,2 Jiro Masuya,1 Chihiro Morishita,1 Motoki Higashiyama,1 Takeshi Inoue,1 Masahiko Ichiki1 1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; 2Fuji Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Institute Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, 418-0035, JapanCorrespond...

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Autores principales:	Ishii Y, Masuya J, Morishita C, Higashiyama M, Inoue T, Ichiki M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	victimization parental bonding negative life event appraisal depression structural equation modeling Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/25e82a5c7fbd4b50b2b77fdddb79d025
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:25e82a5c7fbd4b50b2b77fdddb79d0252021-12-02T19:06:31ZVictimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/25e82a5c7fbd4b50b2b77fdddb79d0252021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/victimization-in-childhood-mediates-the-association-between-parenting--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Yoshitaka Ishii,1,2 Jiro Masuya,1 Chihiro Morishita,1 Motoki Higashiyama,1 Takeshi Inoue,1 Masahiko Ichiki1 1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; 2Fuji Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Institute Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, 418-0035, JapanCorrespondence: Takeshi InoueDepartment of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, JapanTel +81 3 3342 6111Fax +81 3 3340 4499Email tinoue@tokyo-med.ac.jpBackground: Various stressors during childhood and adulthood, such as experiencing poor parenting, abuse, and harassment, have long-lasting effects on depression. The long-term effects of childhood stressors, such as childhood abuse and inappropriate parenting experiences, on adult depression are mediated by personality traits. In the present study, we hypothesized that parental bonding in childhood influences adulthood depression, and that this association is mediated by childhood victimization experiences and negative life event evaluations in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed.Methods: A questionnaire survey, including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, victimization scale in childhood, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Life Experiences Survey was administered to 449 general adult volunteers (age: 41.1 ± 11.7 years; 196 men and 253 women). Multiple variables were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.Results: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that victimization experiences in childhood affect adulthood depression independently of several other factors. Structural equation modeling showed that the “parental care” subscale of the PBI decreased adulthood depression directly, as well as indirectly through its effects on victimization experiences in childhood and negative life events. On the other hand, the “parental overprotection” subscale of the PBI increased adulthood depression directly, as well as indirectly through its effects on the experience of victimization in childhood and negative life events.Conclusion: The present study indicates that the experience of victimization in childhood is a risk factor of adulthood depression. Furthermore, we found that parenting quality experienced in childhood influences adulthood depression, and that these effects are mediated by the experiences of victimization in childhood and negative life events in adulthood.Keywords: victimization, parental bonding, negative life event appraisal, depression, structural equation modelingIshii YMasuya JMorishita CHigashiyama MInoue TIchiki MDove Medical Pressarticlevictimizationparental bondingnegative life event appraisaldepressionstructural equation modelingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 3171-3182 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	victimization parental bonding negative life event appraisal depression structural equation modeling Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	victimization parental bonding negative life event appraisal depression structural equation modeling Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Ishii Y Masuya J Morishita C Higashiyama M Inoue T Ichiki M Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
description	Yoshitaka Ishii,1,2 Jiro Masuya,1 Chihiro Morishita,1 Motoki Higashiyama,1 Takeshi Inoue,1 Masahiko Ichiki1 1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; 2Fuji Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Institute Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, 418-0035, JapanCorrespondence: Takeshi InoueDepartment of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, JapanTel +81 3 3342 6111Fax +81 3 3340 4499Email tinoue@tokyo-med.ac.jpBackground: Various stressors during childhood and adulthood, such as experiencing poor parenting, abuse, and harassment, have long-lasting effects on depression. The long-term effects of childhood stressors, such as childhood abuse and inappropriate parenting experiences, on adult depression are mediated by personality traits. In the present study, we hypothesized that parental bonding in childhood influences adulthood depression, and that this association is mediated by childhood victimization experiences and negative life event evaluations in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed.Methods: A questionnaire survey, including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, victimization scale in childhood, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Life Experiences Survey was administered to 449 general adult volunteers (age: 41.1 ± 11.7 years; 196 men and 253 women). Multiple variables were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.Results: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that victimization experiences in childhood affect adulthood depression independently of several other factors. Structural equation modeling showed that the “parental care” subscale of the PBI decreased adulthood depression directly, as well as indirectly through its effects on victimization experiences in childhood and negative life events. On the other hand, the “parental overprotection” subscale of the PBI increased adulthood depression directly, as well as indirectly through its effects on the experience of victimization in childhood and negative life events.Conclusion: The present study indicates that the experience of victimization in childhood is a risk factor of adulthood depression. Furthermore, we found that parenting quality experienced in childhood influences adulthood depression, and that these effects are mediated by the experiences of victimization in childhood and negative life events in adulthood.Keywords: victimization, parental bonding, negative life event appraisal, depression, structural equation modeling
format	article
author	Ishii Y Masuya J Morishita C Higashiyama M Inoue T Ichiki M
author_facet	Ishii Y Masuya J Morishita C Higashiyama M Inoue T Ichiki M
author_sort	Ishii Y
title	Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
title_short	Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
title_full	Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
title_fullStr	Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
title_full_unstemmed	Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood
title_sort	victimization in childhood mediates the association between parenting quality, stressful life events, and depression in adulthood
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/25e82a5c7fbd4b50b2b77fdddb79d025
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Victimization in Childhood Mediates the Association Between Parenting Quality, Stressful Life Events, and Depression in Adulthood

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