Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine

Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is c...

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Autores principales:	Onyisi Christiana Didamson, Heidi Abrahamse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	esophageal cancer photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer (PS) functionalized nanomedicine nanoparticles (NP) Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/25ea3ce565d941e1af635761b50126e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:25ea3ce565d941e1af635761b50126e12021-11-25T18:42:14ZTargeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine10.3390/pharmaceutics131119431999-4923https://doaj.org/article/25ea3ce565d941e1af635761b50126e12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1943https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.Onyisi Christiana DidamsonHeidi AbrahamseMDPI AGarticleesophageal cancerphotodynamic diagnosis (PDD)photodynamic therapy (PDT)photosensitizer (PS)functionalized nanomedicinenanoparticles (NP)Pharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1943, p 1943 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	esophageal cancer photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer (PS) functionalized nanomedicine nanoparticles (NP) Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	esophageal cancer photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer (PS) functionalized nanomedicine nanoparticles (NP) Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Onyisi Christiana Didamson Heidi Abrahamse Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
description	Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.
format	article
author	Onyisi Christiana Didamson Heidi Abrahamse
author_facet	Onyisi Christiana Didamson Heidi Abrahamse
author_sort	Onyisi Christiana Didamson
title	Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
title_short	Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
title_full	Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
title_fullStr	Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
title_full_unstemmed	Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine
title_sort	targeted photodynamic diagnosis and therapy for esophageal cancer: potential role of functionalized nanomedicine
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/25ea3ce565d941e1af635761b50126e1
work_keys_str_mv	AT onyisichristianadidamson targetedphotodynamicdiagnosisandtherapyforesophagealcancerpotentialroleoffunctionalizednanomedicine AT heidiabrahamse targetedphotodynamicdiagnosisandtherapyforesophagealcancerpotentialroleoffunctionalizednanomedicine
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Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine

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