AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment
BackgroundIt is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear.Methods and ResultsUsing the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:25ffcb8a6b2544099ae7bf0ffc44e1652021-11-05T11:40:46ZAQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment2234-943X10.3389/fonc.2021.770565https://doaj.org/article/25ffcb8a6b2544099ae7bf0ffc44e1652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.770565/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XBackgroundIt is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear.Methods and ResultsUsing the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, the scores of the two main fractions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of 537 KIRC patients were calculated. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were drawn out by performing an overlap between Cox regression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) was identified as a latent predictor through the process. Following research revealed that AQP9 expression was positively correlated with the pathological characteristics (TNM stage) and negatively connected with survival time. Then, by performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), it can be inferred that genes with high expression level of AQP9 were mainly enriched in immune-related activities, while low AQP9 group was associated with functions of cellular metabolism. Further studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M2, macrophages M0, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with AQP9 expression. While the levels of mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with AQP9. The result of multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) suggests a negative relevance between AQP9 and CD8+ T cells and reveals a trend of consistent change on AQP9 and M2 macrophages.ConclusionThe expression level of AQP9 may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients with KIRC, especially to the TME state transition, the mechanism of which is possibly through lipid metabolism and P53, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that affect M2 polarization. AQP9 was associated with the expression levels of M2, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in tumor environment. The research result indicates that AQP9 may be an obstacle to maintain the immune activity of TME.Jibo JingJibo JingJibo JingJin SunYuqing WuYuqing WuYuqing WuNieke ZhangNieke ZhangNieke ZhangChunhui LiuChunhui LiuChunhui LiuSaisai ChenSaisai ChenSaisai ChenWenchao LiWenchao LiWenchao LiCheng HongCheng HongCheng HongBin XuBin XuBin XuMing ChenMing ChenMing ChenFrontiers Media S.A.articletumor microenvironmentalrenal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC)TCGAextracellular matrix (ECM)tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)AQP9Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENFrontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
tumor microenvironmental renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) TCGA extracellular matrix (ECM) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) AQP9 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 |
| spellingShingle |
tumor microenvironmental renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) TCGA extracellular matrix (ECM) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) AQP9 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jin Sun Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Bin Xu Bin Xu Bin Xu Ming Chen Ming Chen Ming Chen AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| description |
BackgroundIt is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear.Methods and ResultsUsing the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, the scores of the two main fractions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of 537 KIRC patients were calculated. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were drawn out by performing an overlap between Cox regression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) was identified as a latent predictor through the process. Following research revealed that AQP9 expression was positively correlated with the pathological characteristics (TNM stage) and negatively connected with survival time. Then, by performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), it can be inferred that genes with high expression level of AQP9 were mainly enriched in immune-related activities, while low AQP9 group was associated with functions of cellular metabolism. Further studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M2, macrophages M0, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with AQP9 expression. While the levels of mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with AQP9. The result of multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) suggests a negative relevance between AQP9 and CD8+ T cells and reveals a trend of consistent change on AQP9 and M2 macrophages.ConclusionThe expression level of AQP9 may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients with KIRC, especially to the TME state transition, the mechanism of which is possibly through lipid metabolism and P53, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that affect M2 polarization. AQP9 was associated with the expression levels of M2, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in tumor environment. The research result indicates that AQP9 may be an obstacle to maintain the immune activity of TME. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jin Sun Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Bin Xu Bin Xu Bin Xu Ming Chen Ming Chen Ming Chen |
| author_facet |
Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jibo Jing Jin Sun Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Yuqing Wu Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Nieke Zhang Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Chunhui Liu Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Saisai Chen Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Wenchao Li Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Cheng Hong Bin Xu Bin Xu Bin Xu Ming Chen Ming Chen Ming Chen |
| author_sort |
Jibo Jing |
| title |
AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| title_short |
AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| title_full |
AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| title_fullStr |
AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment |
| title_sort |
aqp9 is a prognostic factor for kidney cancer and a promising indicator for m2 tam polarization and cd8+ t-cell recruitment |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/25ffcb8a6b2544099ae7bf0ffc44e165 |
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