Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>

ABSTRACT Fungal and bacterial populations coexist in the oral cavity, frequently forming mixed-species biofilms that complicate treatment against polymicrobial infections. However, despite relevance to oral health, the bidirectional interactions between these microbial populations are poorly underst...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui, Stephen P. Saville, Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Candida albicans Streptococcus gordonii mixed biofilms synthetic saliva Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26061f43e1e54c40860401356ba52daf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26061f43e1e54c40860401356ba52daf2021-11-15T15:55:25ZContributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>10.1128/mBio.01179-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/26061f43e1e54c40860401356ba52daf2019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01179-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Fungal and bacterial populations coexist in the oral cavity, frequently forming mixed-species biofilms that complicate treatment against polymicrobial infections. However, despite relevance to oral health, the bidirectional interactions between these microbial populations are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the fungal species Candida albicans and the bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii as they coexist in mixed-species biofilms. Specifically, the interactions of different C. albicans mutant strains deficient in filamentation (efg1Δ/Δ and brg1Δ/Δ), adhesive interactions (als3Δ/Δ and bcr1Δ/Δ), and production of matrix exopolymeric substances (EPS) (kre5Δ/Δ, mnn9Δ/Δ, rlm1Δ/Δ, and zap1Δ/Δ) were evaluated with S. gordonii under different conditions mimicking the environment in the oral cavity. Interestingly, our results revealed that growth of the biofilm-deficient C. albicans als3Δ/Δ and bcr1Δ/Δ mutant strains in synthetic saliva or with S. gordonii restored their biofilm-forming ability. Moreover, challenging previous observations indicating an important role of morphogenetic conversions in the interactions between these two species, our results indicated a highly synergistic interaction between S. gordonii and the C. albicans filamentation-deficient efg1Δ/Δ and brg1Δ/Δ deletion mutants, which was particularly noticeable when the mixed biofilms were grown in synthetic saliva. Importantly, dual-species biofilms were found to exhibit increase in antimicrobial resistance, indicating that components of the fungal exopolymeric material confer protection to streptococcal cells against antibacterial treatment. Collectively, these findings unravel a high degree of complexity in the interactions between C. albicans and S. gordonii in mixed-species biofilms, which may impact homeostasis in the oral cavity. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities have a great impact in health and disease. C. albicans interacts with multiple microorganisms in the oral cavity, frequently forming polymicrobial biofilms. We report on the synergistic interactions between C. albicans and the Gram-positive bacterium S. gordonii, for which we have examined the different contributions of adhesive interactions, filamentation, and the extracellular matrix to the formation of dual-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that growth in the presence of the bacterium can restore the biofilm-forming ability of different C. albicans mutant strains with defects in adhesion and filamentation. The mixed-species biofilms also show high levels of resistance to antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics, and our results indicate that the fungal biofilm matrix protects bacterial cells within these mixed-species biofilms. Our observations add to a growing body of evidence indicating a high level of complexity in the reciprocal interactions and consortial behavior of fungal/bacterial biofilms.Daniel Montelongo-JaureguiStephen P. SavilleJose L. Lopez-RibotAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCandida albicansStreptococcus gordoniimixed biofilmssynthetic salivaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Candida albicans Streptococcus gordonii mixed biofilms synthetic saliva Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Candida albicans Streptococcus gordonii mixed biofilms synthetic saliva Microbiology QR1-502 Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui Stephen P. Saville Jose L. Lopez-Ribot Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Fungal and bacterial populations coexist in the oral cavity, frequently forming mixed-species biofilms that complicate treatment against polymicrobial infections. However, despite relevance to oral health, the bidirectional interactions between these microbial populations are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the fungal species Candida albicans and the bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii as they coexist in mixed-species biofilms. Specifically, the interactions of different C. albicans mutant strains deficient in filamentation (efg1Δ/Δ and brg1Δ/Δ), adhesive interactions (als3Δ/Δ and bcr1Δ/Δ), and production of matrix exopolymeric substances (EPS) (kre5Δ/Δ, mnn9Δ/Δ, rlm1Δ/Δ, and zap1Δ/Δ) were evaluated with S. gordonii under different conditions mimicking the environment in the oral cavity. Interestingly, our results revealed that growth of the biofilm-deficient C. albicans als3Δ/Δ and bcr1Δ/Δ mutant strains in synthetic saliva or with S. gordonii restored their biofilm-forming ability. Moreover, challenging previous observations indicating an important role of morphogenetic conversions in the interactions between these two species, our results indicated a highly synergistic interaction between S. gordonii and the C. albicans filamentation-deficient efg1Δ/Δ and brg1Δ/Δ deletion mutants, which was particularly noticeable when the mixed biofilms were grown in synthetic saliva. Importantly, dual-species biofilms were found to exhibit increase in antimicrobial resistance, indicating that components of the fungal exopolymeric material confer protection to streptococcal cells against antibacterial treatment. Collectively, these findings unravel a high degree of complexity in the interactions between C. albicans and S. gordonii in mixed-species biofilms, which may impact homeostasis in the oral cavity. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities have a great impact in health and disease. C. albicans interacts with multiple microorganisms in the oral cavity, frequently forming polymicrobial biofilms. We report on the synergistic interactions between C. albicans and the Gram-positive bacterium S. gordonii, for which we have examined the different contributions of adhesive interactions, filamentation, and the extracellular matrix to the formation of dual-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that growth in the presence of the bacterium can restore the biofilm-forming ability of different C. albicans mutant strains with defects in adhesion and filamentation. The mixed-species biofilms also show high levels of resistance to antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics, and our results indicate that the fungal biofilm matrix protects bacterial cells within these mixed-species biofilms. Our observations add to a growing body of evidence indicating a high level of complexity in the reciprocal interactions and consortial behavior of fungal/bacterial biofilms.
format	article
author	Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui Stephen P. Saville Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
author_facet	Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui Stephen P. Saville Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
author_sort	Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
title	Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
title_short	Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
title_full	Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
title_fullStr	Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
title_sort	contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">candida albicans</named-content> dimorphism, adhesive interactions, and extracellular matrix to the formation of dual-species biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">streptococcus gordonii</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/26061f43e1e54c40860401356ba52daf
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Contributions of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus gordonii</named-content>

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