Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

This article presents an assessment of one of the earliest greywater reuse (GWR) experiences in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In 2003, the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) imposed a compulsory GWR program on various categories of new buildings in the city. However, implementatio...

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Autores principales:	Abdallah Shanableh, Mohamad Ali Khalil, Mohamed Abdallah, Noora Darwish, Adel Tayara, Ahmed Mustafa, AlaEldin Idris, Mayyada Al Bardan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	compulsory and voluntary gwr greywater reuse (gwr) gwr incentives gwr policies and practice united arab emirates water conservation River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26234cc56407442a819de2867d96fcf0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26234cc56407442a819de2867d96fcf02021-11-05T20:15:06ZAssessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates1366-70171996-975910.2166/wp.2021.205https://doaj.org/article/26234cc56407442a819de2867d96fcf02021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wp.iwaponline.com/content/23/2/376https://doaj.org/toc/1366-7017https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9759This article presents an assessment of one of the earliest greywater reuse (GWR) experiences in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In 2003, the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) imposed a compulsory GWR program on various categories of new buildings in the city. However, implementation of the program faced significant resistance and setbacks and remained limited to about 200 buildings, representing less than 2% water savings. In the analysis presented in this study, the need for GWR was assessed through analyzing SEWA's water supply and demand projections, conducting a 12-month water use survey of 285,000 Sharjah residents from about 140 nationalities, and identifying the areas in the city with intense water use. In addition, analysis and reforms of the various aspects of SEWA's GWR reuse policies and practice were presented and discussed. Reforming the policy to increase GWR to about 10% water savings can lead to significant reductions in desalinated water consumption and wastewater generation and consequently significant reductions in desalination cost (35 million USD/y), energy consumption (225,840 MWh/year) and CO2 emissions (120 ton/year). The case study presented in the article can serve as a reference to guide GWR policies and practice, especially for local authorities in developing countries. Highlights Sharjah's water authority's 2003 greywater reuse (GWR) policy proved impractical.; GWR in Sharjah remained limited to a maximum of 200 buildings since implementation.; GWR policy guidelines based on 15 years accumulated local experience are presented.; Study provides valuable GWR policy guidelines, especially for developing countries.;Abdallah ShanablehMohamad Ali KhalilMohamed AbdallahNoora DarwishAdel TayaraAhmed MustafaAlaEldin IdrisMayyada Al BardanIWA Publishingarticlecompulsory and voluntary gwrgreywater reuse (gwr)gwr incentivesgwr policies and practiceunited arab emirateswater conservationRiver, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Policy, Vol 23, Iss 2, Pp 376-396 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	compulsory and voluntary gwr greywater reuse (gwr) gwr incentives gwr policies and practice united arab emirates water conservation River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	compulsory and voluntary gwr greywater reuse (gwr) gwr incentives gwr policies and practice united arab emirates water conservation River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Abdallah Shanableh Mohamad Ali Khalil Mohamed Abdallah Noora Darwish Adel Tayara Ahmed Mustafa AlaEldin Idris Mayyada Al Bardan Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
description	This article presents an assessment of one of the earliest greywater reuse (GWR) experiences in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In 2003, the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) imposed a compulsory GWR program on various categories of new buildings in the city. However, implementation of the program faced significant resistance and setbacks and remained limited to about 200 buildings, representing less than 2% water savings. In the analysis presented in this study, the need for GWR was assessed through analyzing SEWA's water supply and demand projections, conducting a 12-month water use survey of 285,000 Sharjah residents from about 140 nationalities, and identifying the areas in the city with intense water use. In addition, analysis and reforms of the various aspects of SEWA's GWR reuse policies and practice were presented and discussed. Reforming the policy to increase GWR to about 10% water savings can lead to significant reductions in desalinated water consumption and wastewater generation and consequently significant reductions in desalination cost (35 million USD/y), energy consumption (225,840 MWh/year) and CO2 emissions (120 ton/year). The case study presented in the article can serve as a reference to guide GWR policies and practice, especially for local authorities in developing countries. Highlights Sharjah's water authority's 2003 greywater reuse (GWR) policy proved impractical.; GWR in Sharjah remained limited to a maximum of 200 buildings since implementation.; GWR policy guidelines based on 15 years accumulated local experience are presented.; Study provides valuable GWR policy guidelines, especially for developing countries.;
format	article
author	Abdallah Shanableh Mohamad Ali Khalil Mohamed Abdallah Noora Darwish Adel Tayara Ahmed Mustafa AlaEldin Idris Mayyada Al Bardan
author_facet	Abdallah Shanableh Mohamad Ali Khalil Mohamed Abdallah Noora Darwish Adel Tayara Ahmed Mustafa AlaEldin Idris Mayyada Al Bardan
author_sort	Abdallah Shanableh
title	Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
title_short	Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
title_full	Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
title_fullStr	Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
title_sort	assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from sharjah, united arab emirates
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/26234cc56407442a819de2867d96fcf0
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Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

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