Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.

Vasoplegia is a severe complication after cardiac surgery. Within the last years the administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor methylene blue (MB) became a new therapeutic strategy. Our aim was to investigate the role of MB on transendothelial migration of circulating blood cells, the potent...

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Autores principales:	Isabella Werner, Fengwei Guo, Nicolai V Bogert, Ulrich A Stock, Patrick Meybohm, Anton Moritz, Andres Beiras-Fernandez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/262755f513dd4ae0813a155e1191ad9c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:262755f513dd4ae0813a155e1191ad9c2021-11-18T08:42:41ZMethylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0082214https://doaj.org/article/262755f513dd4ae0813a155e1191ad9c2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24340007/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Vasoplegia is a severe complication after cardiac surgery. Within the last years the administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor methylene blue (MB) became a new therapeutic strategy. Our aim was to investigate the role of MB on transendothelial migration of circulating blood cells, the potential role of cyclic cGMP, eNOS and iNOS in this process, and the influence of MB on endothelial cell apoptosis. Human vascular endothelial cells (HuMEC-1) were treated for 30 minutes or 2 hours with different concentrations of MB. Inflammation was mimicked by LPS stimulation prior and after MB. Transmigration of PBMCs and T-Lymphocytes through the treated endothelial cells was investigated. The influence of MB upon the different subsets of PBMCs (Granulocytes, T- and B-Lymphocytes, and Monocytes) was assessed after transmigration by means of flow-cytometry. The effect of MB on cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin-V and Propidium Iodide stainings. Analyses of the expression of cyclic cGMP, eNOS and iNOS were performed by means of RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results were analyzed using unpaired Students T-test. Analysis of endothelial cell apoptosis by MB indicated a dose-dependent increase of apoptotic cells. We observed time- and dose-dependent effects of MB on transendothelial migration of PBMCs. The prophylactic administration of MB led to an increase of transendothelial migration of PBMCs but not Jurkat cells. Furthermore, HuMEC-1 secretion of cGMP correlated with iNOS expression after MB administration but not with eNOS expression. Expression of these molecules was reduced after MB administration at protein level. This study clearly reveals that endothelial response to MB is dose- and especially time-dependent. MB shows different effects on circulating blood cell-subtypes, and modifies the release patterns of eNOS, iNOS, and cGMP. The transendothelial migration is modulated after treatment with MB. Furthermore, MB provokes apoptosis of endothelial cells in a dose/time-dependent manner.Isabella WernerFengwei GuoNicolai V BogertUlrich A StockPatrick MeybohmAnton MoritzAndres Beiras-FernandezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e82214 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Isabella Werner Fengwei Guo Nicolai V Bogert Ulrich A Stock Patrick Meybohm Anton Moritz Andres Beiras-Fernandez Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
description	Vasoplegia is a severe complication after cardiac surgery. Within the last years the administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor methylene blue (MB) became a new therapeutic strategy. Our aim was to investigate the role of MB on transendothelial migration of circulating blood cells, the potential role of cyclic cGMP, eNOS and iNOS in this process, and the influence of MB on endothelial cell apoptosis. Human vascular endothelial cells (HuMEC-1) were treated for 30 minutes or 2 hours with different concentrations of MB. Inflammation was mimicked by LPS stimulation prior and after MB. Transmigration of PBMCs and T-Lymphocytes through the treated endothelial cells was investigated. The influence of MB upon the different subsets of PBMCs (Granulocytes, T- and B-Lymphocytes, and Monocytes) was assessed after transmigration by means of flow-cytometry. The effect of MB on cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin-V and Propidium Iodide stainings. Analyses of the expression of cyclic cGMP, eNOS and iNOS were performed by means of RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results were analyzed using unpaired Students T-test. Analysis of endothelial cell apoptosis by MB indicated a dose-dependent increase of apoptotic cells. We observed time- and dose-dependent effects of MB on transendothelial migration of PBMCs. The prophylactic administration of MB led to an increase of transendothelial migration of PBMCs but not Jurkat cells. Furthermore, HuMEC-1 secretion of cGMP correlated with iNOS expression after MB administration but not with eNOS expression. Expression of these molecules was reduced after MB administration at protein level. This study clearly reveals that endothelial response to MB is dose- and especially time-dependent. MB shows different effects on circulating blood cell-subtypes, and modifies the release patterns of eNOS, iNOS, and cGMP. The transendothelial migration is modulated after treatment with MB. Furthermore, MB provokes apoptosis of endothelial cells in a dose/time-dependent manner.
format	article
author	Isabella Werner Fengwei Guo Nicolai V Bogert Ulrich A Stock Patrick Meybohm Anton Moritz Andres Beiras-Fernandez
author_facet	Isabella Werner Fengwei Guo Nicolai V Bogert Ulrich A Stock Patrick Meybohm Anton Moritz Andres Beiras-Fernandez
author_sort	Isabella Werner
title	Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
title_short	Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
title_full	Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
title_fullStr	Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
title_full_unstemmed	Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
title_sort	methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/262755f513dd4ae0813a155e1191ad9c
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_version_	1718421371106623488

Methylene blue modulates transendothelial migration of peripheral blood cells.

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