Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies

This study is focused on the behavior of the cream-firing clays from Opoczno region (Poland). The ceramic masses on which tests were carried out consisted of cream-firingBorkowice clay and dolomite in two different grain sizes as an additive that changes the color of ceramic materials. Test samples...

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Autores principales:	Kornelia Wiśniewska, Waldemar Pichór, Ewelina Kłosek-Wawrzyn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	color dolomite cream-firing clays temperature phase composition Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2630910d0ec64a069ceb60ee27d050ae2021-11-11T17:57:13ZInfluence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies10.3390/ma142163801996-1944https://doaj.org/article/2630910d0ec64a069ceb60ee27d050ae2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6380https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944This study is focused on the behavior of the cream-firing clays from Opoczno region (Poland). The ceramic masses on which tests were carried out consisted of cream-firingBorkowice clay and dolomite in two different grain sizes as an additive that changes the color of ceramic materials. Test samples were prepared by plastic method and fired at range of 1100–1240 °C. Phase composition of theinvestigated materials was characterized by XRD method with quantitive analysis of the amorphous phase determined by the Retvield technique. Color properties of the surface of the obtained ceramic materials were determined in CIE-Lab color space. The phase composition of the obtained ceramics depends on the firing temperature. The color of the surface of the ceramic materials also depends on the firing temperature. There was a tendency to decrease the brightness, decrease the blue shade, and increase the yellow shade of the surface of materials with increasing the temperature. The conducted tests allowed to conclude that the color of ceramic materials depends on their phase composition. The most important role in the formation of color correspond to the amorphous phase, formed during the process. The lower content of the amorphous phase in the material allows to obtain brighter products with a lower proportion of yellow, and therefore closer to white. Moreover, following tests were carried out: total water absorption, total open porosity, linear shrinkage, and flexural strength. With increasing the temperature, total water absorption and total open porosity decrease, and total linear shrinkage increases due to the progressive sintering process. Flexural strength increases with the increase of the firing temperature for materials consisting of Borkowice clay. The addition of dolomite introduced new pores into the material, which resulted in an increase in flexural strength at lower firing temperatures and a decrease in flexural strength at higher firing temperatures.Kornelia WiśniewskaWaldemar PichórEwelina Kłosek-WawrzynMDPI AGarticlecolordolomitecream-firing claystemperaturephase compositionTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6380, p 6380 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	color dolomite cream-firing clays temperature phase composition Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	color dolomite cream-firing clays temperature phase composition Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Kornelia Wiśniewska Waldemar Pichór Ewelina Kłosek-Wawrzyn Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
description	This study is focused on the behavior of the cream-firing clays from Opoczno region (Poland). The ceramic masses on which tests were carried out consisted of cream-firingBorkowice clay and dolomite in two different grain sizes as an additive that changes the color of ceramic materials. Test samples were prepared by plastic method and fired at range of 1100–1240 °C. Phase composition of theinvestigated materials was characterized by XRD method with quantitive analysis of the amorphous phase determined by the Retvield technique. Color properties of the surface of the obtained ceramic materials were determined in CIE-Lab color space. The phase composition of the obtained ceramics depends on the firing temperature. The color of the surface of the ceramic materials also depends on the firing temperature. There was a tendency to decrease the brightness, decrease the blue shade, and increase the yellow shade of the surface of materials with increasing the temperature. The conducted tests allowed to conclude that the color of ceramic materials depends on their phase composition. The most important role in the formation of color correspond to the amorphous phase, formed during the process. The lower content of the amorphous phase in the material allows to obtain brighter products with a lower proportion of yellow, and therefore closer to white. Moreover, following tests were carried out: total water absorption, total open porosity, linear shrinkage, and flexural strength. With increasing the temperature, total water absorption and total open porosity decrease, and total linear shrinkage increases due to the progressive sintering process. Flexural strength increases with the increase of the firing temperature for materials consisting of Borkowice clay. The addition of dolomite introduced new pores into the material, which resulted in an increase in flexural strength at lower firing temperatures and a decrease in flexural strength at higher firing temperatures.
format	article
author	Kornelia Wiśniewska Waldemar Pichór Ewelina Kłosek-Wawrzyn
author_facet	Kornelia Wiśniewska Waldemar Pichór Ewelina Kłosek-Wawrzyn
author_sort	Kornelia Wiśniewska
title	Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
title_short	Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
title_full	Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
title_fullStr	Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies
title_sort	influence of firing temperature on phase composition and color properties of ceramic tile bodies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2630910d0ec64a069ceb60ee27d050ae
work_keys_str_mv	AT korneliawisniewska influenceoffiringtemperatureonphasecompositionandcolorpropertiesofceramictilebodies AT waldemarpichor influenceoffiringtemperatureonphasecompositionandcolorpropertiesofceramictilebodies AT ewelinakłosekwawrzyn influenceoffiringtemperatureonphasecompositionandcolorpropertiesofceramictilebodies
_version_	1718431931539914752

Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies

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