Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks

Abstract Monitoring the demographics and genetics of reintroduced populations is critical to evaluating reintroduction success, but species ecology and the landscapes that they inhabit often present challenges for accurate assessments. If suitable habitats are restricted to hierarchical dendritic ne...

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Autores principales:	Sean M. Murphy, Jennifer R. Adams, Lisette P. Waits, John J. Cox
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	dendritic network founder effect Lontra canadensis population density recapture river otter Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26318ec48bbd462c98875bb3857113ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26318ec48bbd462c98875bb3857113ca2021-11-08T17:10:41ZEvaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks2045-775810.1002/ece3.8187https://doaj.org/article/26318ec48bbd462c98875bb3857113ca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8187https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Monitoring the demographics and genetics of reintroduced populations is critical to evaluating reintroduction success, but species ecology and the landscapes that they inhabit often present challenges for accurate assessments. If suitable habitats are restricted to hierarchical dendritic networks, such as river systems, animal movements are typically constrained and may violate assumptions of methods commonly used to estimate demographic parameters. Using genetic detection data collected via fecal sampling at latrines, we demonstrate applicability of the spatial capture–recapture (SCR) network distance function for estimating the size and density of a recently reintroduced North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) population in the Upper Rio Grande River dendritic network in the southwestern United States, and we also evaluated the genetic outcomes of using a small founder group (n = 33 otters) for reintroduction. Estimated population density was 0.23–0.28 otter/km, or 1 otter/3.57–4.35 km, with weak evidence of density increasing with northerly latitude (β = 0.33). Estimated population size was 83–104 total otters in 359 km of riverine dendritic network, which corresponded to average annual exponential population growth of 1.12–1.15/year since reintroduction. Growth was ≥40% lower than most reintroduced river otter populations and strong evidence of a founder effect existed 8–10 years post‐reintroduction, including 13–21% genetic diversity loss, 84%–87% genetic effective population size decline, and rapid divergence from the source population (FST accumulation = 0.06/generation). Consequently, genetic restoration via translocation of additional otters from other populations may be necessary to mitigate deleterious genetic effects in this small, isolated population. Combined with non‐invasive genetic sampling, the SCR network distance approach is likely widely applicable to demogenetic assessments of both reintroduced and established populations of multiple mustelid species that inhabit aquatic dendritic networks, many of which are regionally or globally imperiled and may warrant reintroduction or augmentation efforts.Sean M. MurphyJennifer R. AdamsLisette P. WaitsJohn J. CoxWileyarticledendritic networkfounder effectLontra canadensispopulation densityrecaptureriver otterEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 15047-15061 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dendritic network founder effect Lontra canadensis population density recapture river otter Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	dendritic network founder effect Lontra canadensis population density recapture river otter Ecology QH540-549.5 Sean M. Murphy Jennifer R. Adams Lisette P. Waits John J. Cox Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
description	Abstract Monitoring the demographics and genetics of reintroduced populations is critical to evaluating reintroduction success, but species ecology and the landscapes that they inhabit often present challenges for accurate assessments. If suitable habitats are restricted to hierarchical dendritic networks, such as river systems, animal movements are typically constrained and may violate assumptions of methods commonly used to estimate demographic parameters. Using genetic detection data collected via fecal sampling at latrines, we demonstrate applicability of the spatial capture–recapture (SCR) network distance function for estimating the size and density of a recently reintroduced North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) population in the Upper Rio Grande River dendritic network in the southwestern United States, and we also evaluated the genetic outcomes of using a small founder group (n = 33 otters) for reintroduction. Estimated population density was 0.23–0.28 otter/km, or 1 otter/3.57–4.35 km, with weak evidence of density increasing with northerly latitude (β = 0.33). Estimated population size was 83–104 total otters in 359 km of riverine dendritic network, which corresponded to average annual exponential population growth of 1.12–1.15/year since reintroduction. Growth was ≥40% lower than most reintroduced river otter populations and strong evidence of a founder effect existed 8–10 years post‐reintroduction, including 13–21% genetic diversity loss, 84%–87% genetic effective population size decline, and rapid divergence from the source population (FST accumulation = 0.06/generation). Consequently, genetic restoration via translocation of additional otters from other populations may be necessary to mitigate deleterious genetic effects in this small, isolated population. Combined with non‐invasive genetic sampling, the SCR network distance approach is likely widely applicable to demogenetic assessments of both reintroduced and established populations of multiple mustelid species that inhabit aquatic dendritic networks, many of which are regionally or globally imperiled and may warrant reintroduction or augmentation efforts.
format	article
author	Sean M. Murphy Jennifer R. Adams Lisette P. Waits John J. Cox
author_facet	Sean M. Murphy Jennifer R. Adams Lisette P. Waits John J. Cox
author_sort	Sean M. Murphy
title	Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
title_short	Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
title_full	Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
title_fullStr	Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
title_sort	evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/26318ec48bbd462c98875bb3857113ca
work_keys_str_mv	AT seanmmurphy evaluatingotterreintroductionoutcomesusinggeneticspatialcapturerecapturemodifiedfordendriticnetworks AT jenniferradams evaluatingotterreintroductionoutcomesusinggeneticspatialcapturerecapturemodifiedfordendriticnetworks AT lisettepwaits evaluatingotterreintroductionoutcomesusinggeneticspatialcapturerecapturemodifiedfordendriticnetworks AT johnjcox evaluatingotterreintroductionoutcomesusinggeneticspatialcapturerecapturemodifiedfordendriticnetworks
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Evaluating otter reintroduction outcomes using genetic spatial capture–recapture modified for dendritic networks

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