Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach

Human population growth has led to an increased release of chemical contaminants into aquatic environments. Emerging chemical contaminants (ECCs) are of increasing concern because they can affect non-target organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The application of anticancer drugs is increasing because of...

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Autores principales:	Nuno Martins, Arunava Pradhan, Cláudia Pascoal, Fernanda Cássio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin Individual and mixed effects Anticancer drugs Freshwater rotifers Oxidative stress Transgenerational effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/265c528a23174dcb8b492ddfb2c96572
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:265c528a23174dcb8b492ddfb2c965722021-11-06T04:15:23ZIndividual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112893https://doaj.org/article/265c528a23174dcb8b492ddfb2c965722021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010058https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Human population growth has led to an increased release of chemical contaminants into aquatic environments. Emerging chemical contaminants (ECCs) are of increasing concern because they can affect non-target organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The application of anticancer drugs is increasing because of enhanced cancer rates and use of chemotherapy. We assessed the impacts of two widely used anticancer drugs known for their distinct modes of action, namely 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX), on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus across generations. Rotifer mortality (24 h) and population growth (48 h) were assessed to determine initial lethal and sub-lethal effects. Exposure of rotifers to 5-FU (up to 200 mg L−1) did not cause mortality, while DOX caused mortality at high concentrations (EC50 = 15.6 mg L−1). Effects of 5-FU on population growth rate was higher than DOX (5-FU EC50 =10.49 µg L−1, DOX EC50 = 8.78 mg L−1). The effects of the drugs in binary mixture on population growth rates were dose dependent; significant antagonistic effects were found when 5-FU was present in the mixture at high concentrations. Finally, a transgenerational assay for five generations revealed that rotifers were able to recover their population growth rate after fourth generation when exposed to 5-FU; however, population became non-viable after the second generation of exposure to DOX. At the cellular level, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and plasma membrane damage were observed at EC10 and increased at EC50 for both drugs. After exposure of rotifers to 5-FU across generations, there were signs of oxidative stress recovery, as shown by a decrease in ROS accumulation and plasma membrane damage. Our results showed for the first time that the adverse effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifer populations are drug and dose dependent and can persist or be attenuated along generations.Nuno MartinsArunava PradhanCláudia PascoalFernanda CássioElsevierarticle5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicinIndividual and mixed effectsAnticancer drugsFreshwater rotifersOxidative stressTransgenerational effectsEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 227, Iss , Pp 112893- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin Individual and mixed effects Anticancer drugs Freshwater rotifers Oxidative stress Transgenerational effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin Individual and mixed effects Anticancer drugs Freshwater rotifers Oxidative stress Transgenerational effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Nuno Martins Arunava Pradhan Cláudia Pascoal Fernanda Cássio Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
description	Human population growth has led to an increased release of chemical contaminants into aquatic environments. Emerging chemical contaminants (ECCs) are of increasing concern because they can affect non-target organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The application of anticancer drugs is increasing because of enhanced cancer rates and use of chemotherapy. We assessed the impacts of two widely used anticancer drugs known for their distinct modes of action, namely 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX), on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus across generations. Rotifer mortality (24 h) and population growth (48 h) were assessed to determine initial lethal and sub-lethal effects. Exposure of rotifers to 5-FU (up to 200 mg L−1) did not cause mortality, while DOX caused mortality at high concentrations (EC50 = 15.6 mg L−1). Effects of 5-FU on population growth rate was higher than DOX (5-FU EC50 =10.49 µg L−1, DOX EC50 = 8.78 mg L−1). The effects of the drugs in binary mixture on population growth rates were dose dependent; significant antagonistic effects were found when 5-FU was present in the mixture at high concentrations. Finally, a transgenerational assay for five generations revealed that rotifers were able to recover their population growth rate after fourth generation when exposed to 5-FU; however, population became non-viable after the second generation of exposure to DOX. At the cellular level, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and plasma membrane damage were observed at EC10 and increased at EC50 for both drugs. After exposure of rotifers to 5-FU across generations, there were signs of oxidative stress recovery, as shown by a decrease in ROS accumulation and plasma membrane damage. Our results showed for the first time that the adverse effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifer populations are drug and dose dependent and can persist or be attenuated along generations.
format	article
author	Nuno Martins Arunava Pradhan Cláudia Pascoal Fernanda Cássio
author_facet	Nuno Martins Arunava Pradhan Cláudia Pascoal Fernanda Cássio
author_sort	Nuno Martins
title	Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
title_short	Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
title_full	Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
title_fullStr	Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
title_full_unstemmed	Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach
title_sort	individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: a multigenerational approach
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/265c528a23174dcb8b492ddfb2c96572
work_keys_str_mv	AT nunomartins individualandmixedeffectsofanticancerdrugsonfreshwaterrotifersamultigenerationalapproach AT arunavapradhan individualandmixedeffectsofanticancerdrugsonfreshwaterrotifersamultigenerationalapproach AT claudiapascoal individualandmixedeffectsofanticancerdrugsonfreshwaterrotifersamultigenerationalapproach AT fernandacassio individualandmixedeffectsofanticancerdrugsonfreshwaterrotifersamultigenerationalapproach
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Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach

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