Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra

In Pterocarpus, three out of 46 tree species (P. erinaceus, P. santalinus, and P. tinctorius) are listed as endangered and protected under Appendix II of CITES, and the status of several Pterocarpus species suggests that more will find a place on CITES in the future. As unsustainable forest exploita...

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Autores principales:	Erin R. Price, Isabella Miles-Bunch, Peter E. Gasson, Cady A. Lancaster
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Pterocarpus Hongmu Illegal timber trade Geographic origin Forensics Wood science Ecology QH540-549.5 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2684caba672346b8990539e9e1d93de8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2684caba672346b8990539e9e1d93de82021-11-18T04:53:40ZInference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra2666-937410.1016/j.fsiae.2021.100032https://doaj.org/article/2684caba672346b8990539e9e1d93de82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937421000317https://doaj.org/toc/2666-9374In Pterocarpus, three out of 46 tree species (P. erinaceus, P. santalinus, and P. tinctorius) are listed as endangered and protected under Appendix II of CITES, and the status of several Pterocarpus species suggests that more will find a place on CITES in the future. As unsustainable forest exploitation has increased, regulations for timber traceability have also increased with the creation of such laws as the 2005 Lacey Act in the United States (Lacey Act, 2005) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) in 2013. These laws were implemented to ensure that members of the timber trade operated in accordance with guidelines and practiced due diligence, with the goal of halting illegal timber imports (FAO, 2016). Unfortunately, the illegal timber trade remains prevalent and has progressed into the third largest transnational crime (Mavrellis, 2017). To combat the prevalence of illegal timber, researchers have utilized Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOFMS). With the success found using DART-TOFMS for species identification, we investigated whether the method could be used to identify the original geographic region of timber through analysis of 211 samples taken from 12 Pterocarpus species taken from the Neotropics, Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. We found that analysis using DART-TOFMS could identify the broad geographical provenances of the timber with an accuracy of 98%. This research demonstrated that DART-TOFMS can be used to detect the phytochemical trends that exist between timber species occupying broad geographic regions.Erin R. PriceIsabella Miles-BunchPeter E. GassonCady A. LancasterElsevierarticlePterocarpusHongmuIllegal timber tradeGeographic originForensicsWood scienceEcologyQH540-549.5Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENForensic Science International: Animals and Environments, Vol 1, Iss , Pp 100032- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pterocarpus Hongmu Illegal timber trade Geographic origin Forensics Wood science Ecology QH540-549.5 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Pterocarpus Hongmu Illegal timber trade Geographic origin Forensics Wood science Ecology QH540-549.5 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Erin R. Price Isabella Miles-Bunch Peter E. Gasson Cady A. Lancaster Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
description	In Pterocarpus, three out of 46 tree species (P. erinaceus, P. santalinus, and P. tinctorius) are listed as endangered and protected under Appendix II of CITES, and the status of several Pterocarpus species suggests that more will find a place on CITES in the future. As unsustainable forest exploitation has increased, regulations for timber traceability have also increased with the creation of such laws as the 2005 Lacey Act in the United States (Lacey Act, 2005) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) in 2013. These laws were implemented to ensure that members of the timber trade operated in accordance with guidelines and practiced due diligence, with the goal of halting illegal timber imports (FAO, 2016). Unfortunately, the illegal timber trade remains prevalent and has progressed into the third largest transnational crime (Mavrellis, 2017). To combat the prevalence of illegal timber, researchers have utilized Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOFMS). With the success found using DART-TOFMS for species identification, we investigated whether the method could be used to identify the original geographic region of timber through analysis of 211 samples taken from 12 Pterocarpus species taken from the Neotropics, Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. We found that analysis using DART-TOFMS could identify the broad geographical provenances of the timber with an accuracy of 98%. This research demonstrated that DART-TOFMS can be used to detect the phytochemical trends that exist between timber species occupying broad geographic regions.
format	article
author	Erin R. Price Isabella Miles-Bunch Peter E. Gasson Cady A. Lancaster
author_facet	Erin R. Price Isabella Miles-Bunch Peter E. Gasson Cady A. Lancaster
author_sort	Erin R. Price
title	Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
title_short	Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
title_full	Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
title_fullStr	Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
title_full_unstemmed	Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
title_sort	inference of origin of pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2684caba672346b8990539e9e1d93de8
work_keys_str_mv	AT erinrprice inferenceoforiginofpterocarpustimberbychemicalprofilingofambientionizationmassspectra AT isabellamilesbunch inferenceoforiginofpterocarpustimberbychemicalprofilingofambientionizationmassspectra AT peteregasson inferenceoforiginofpterocarpustimberbychemicalprofilingofambientionizationmassspectra AT cadyalancaster inferenceoforiginofpterocarpustimberbychemicalprofilingofambientionizationmassspectra
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Inference of origin of Pterocarpus timber by chemical profiling of ambient ionization mass spectra

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