Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity

Confidence Onyebuchi,1 Doğa Kavaz1,2 1Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 98258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey; 2Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 99258, Northern Cyprus via Mersi...

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Autores principales:	Onyebuchi C, Kavaz D
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	Chitosan derivatives nanoparticles Ocimum gratissimum essential oils in vitro release kinetics foodborne pathogens antioxidant capacity cytotoxicity. Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2699f144b22d47bca39e43b67dcd16e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2699f144b22d47bca39e43b67dcd16e02021-12-02T08:54:12ZChitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/2699f144b22d47bca39e43b67dcd16e02019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/chitosan-and-n-n-n-trimethyl-chitosan-nanoparticle-encapsulation-of-oc-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Confidence Onyebuchi,1 Doğa Kavaz1,2 1Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 98258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey; 2Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 99258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 TurkeyCorrespondence: Doğa KavazBioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 98258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 TurkeyEmail dkavaz@ciu.edu.trBackground: The encapsulation of plant essential oils (EOs) with polymeric materials (e.g. chitosan (CS) and N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)) and the further reduction of the polymers into their nano sizes are gaining research interest in nanotechnology due to potential applications in medical drug delivery systems as well as the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study reports a novel approach for the synthesis of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (OGEO)-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles with distinct bioactive and physiochemical properties.Methods: The OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were characterised using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The bioactive compounds in Ocimum gratissimum methanolic extract (OG-MeOH) and EOs was evinced with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) of OGEO and OG-MeOH was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The in vitro drug release kinetic pattern was ascertained by membrane dialysis, while antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The disc diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity evaluation, while MTT and a trypan blue dye exclusion assay were used to assess cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.Results: GC-MS analysis revealed components that have not been previously reported for Ocimum gratissimum. The maximum OGEO cumulative drug release percentage in vitro was observed at pH 3 for both OGEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-CSNPs) and OGEO-loaded N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-TMCNPs). The antioxidant activity of OGEO-CSNPs and OGEO-TMCNPs never reached a steady state after 75 h. OGEO-TMCNPs exhibited antibacterial activity at a lower concentration for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive food pathogens. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed the increased toxicity of OGEO-TMCNPs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.Conclusion: OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were synthesised using a novel material optimisation approach. The synthesised nanoparticles have shown a promising application in the pharmaceutical and food industries.Keywords: chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, Ocimum gratissimum essential oils, in vitro release kinetics, foodborne pathogens, antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicityOnyebuchi CKavaz DDove Medical PressarticleChitosan derivativesnanoparticlesOcimum gratissimum essential oilsin vitro release kineticsfoodborne pathogensantioxidant capacitycytotoxicity.Medicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 7707-7727 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chitosan derivatives nanoparticles Ocimum gratissimum essential oils in vitro release kinetics foodborne pathogens antioxidant capacity cytotoxicity. Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Chitosan derivatives nanoparticles Ocimum gratissimum essential oils in vitro release kinetics foodborne pathogens antioxidant capacity cytotoxicity. Medicine (General) R5-920 Onyebuchi C Kavaz D Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
description	Confidence Onyebuchi,1 Doğa Kavaz1,2 1Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 98258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey; 2Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 99258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 TurkeyCorrespondence: Doğa KavazBioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat- Lefkoşa 98258, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10 TurkeyEmail dkavaz@ciu.edu.trBackground: The encapsulation of plant essential oils (EOs) with polymeric materials (e.g. chitosan (CS) and N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)) and the further reduction of the polymers into their nano sizes are gaining research interest in nanotechnology due to potential applications in medical drug delivery systems as well as the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study reports a novel approach for the synthesis of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (OGEO)-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles with distinct bioactive and physiochemical properties.Methods: The OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were characterised using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The bioactive compounds in Ocimum gratissimum methanolic extract (OG-MeOH) and EOs was evinced with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) of OGEO and OG-MeOH was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The in vitro drug release kinetic pattern was ascertained by membrane dialysis, while antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The disc diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity evaluation, while MTT and a trypan blue dye exclusion assay were used to assess cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.Results: GC-MS analysis revealed components that have not been previously reported for Ocimum gratissimum. The maximum OGEO cumulative drug release percentage in vitro was observed at pH 3 for both OGEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-CSNPs) and OGEO-loaded N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-TMCNPs). The antioxidant activity of OGEO-CSNPs and OGEO-TMCNPs never reached a steady state after 75 h. OGEO-TMCNPs exhibited antibacterial activity at a lower concentration for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive food pathogens. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed the increased toxicity of OGEO-TMCNPs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.Conclusion: OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were synthesised using a novel material optimisation approach. The synthesised nanoparticles have shown a promising application in the pharmaceutical and food industries.Keywords: chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, Ocimum gratissimum essential oils, in vitro release kinetics, foodborne pathogens, antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity
format	article
author	Onyebuchi C Kavaz D
author_facet	Onyebuchi C Kavaz D
author_sort	Onyebuchi C
title	Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
title_short	Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
title_full	Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
title_fullStr	Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity
title_sort	chitosan and n, n, n-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticle encapsulation of ocimum gratissimum essential oil: optimised synthesis, in vitro release and bioactivity
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/2699f144b22d47bca39e43b67dcd16e0
work_keys_str_mv	AT onyebuchic chitosanandnnntrimethylchitosannanoparticleencapsulationofocimumgratissimumessentialoiloptimisedsynthesisinvitroreleaseandbioactivity AT kavazd chitosanandnnntrimethylchitosannanoparticleencapsulationofocimumgratissimumessentialoiloptimisedsynthesisinvitroreleaseandbioactivity
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Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity

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