The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.

<h4>Background</h4>Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) is the therapeutic application of extreme cold air for a short duration. Minimal evidence is available for determining optimal exposure time.<h4>Purpose</h4>To explore whether the length of WBC exposure induces differential chan...

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Autores principales:	James Selfe, Jill Alexander, Joseph T Costello, Karen May, Nigel Garratt, Stephen Atkins, Stephanie Dillon, Howard Hurst, Matthew Davison, Daria Przybyla, Andrew Coley, Mark Bitcon, Greg Littler, Jim Richards
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26c69030361f422a886e4ee4a98e32fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26c69030361f422a886e4ee4a98e32fb2021-11-18T08:35:11ZThe effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0086420https://doaj.org/article/26c69030361f422a886e4ee4a98e32fb2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24489726/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) is the therapeutic application of extreme cold air for a short duration. Minimal evidence is available for determining optimal exposure time.<h4>Purpose</h4>To explore whether the length of WBC exposure induces differential changes in inflammatory markers, tissue oxygenation, skin and core temperature, thermal sensation and comfort.<h4>Method</h4>This study was a randomised cross over design with participants acting as their own control. Fourteen male professional first team super league rugby players were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 minutes of WBC at -135°C. Testing took place the day after a competitive league fixture, each exposure separated by seven days.<h4>Results</h4>No significant changes were found in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin six. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in deoxyhaemoglobin for gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis were found. In vastus lateralis significant reductions (p<0.05) in oxyhaemoglobin and tissue oxygenation index (p<0.05) were demonstrated. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in skin temperature were recorded. No significant changes were recorded in core temperature. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in thermal sensation and comfort were recorded.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Three brief exposures to WBC separated by 1 week are not sufficient to induce physiological changes in IL-6 or core temperature. There are however significant changes in tissue oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin, tissue oxygenation index, skin temperature and thermal sensation. We conclude that a 2 minute WBC exposure was the optimum exposure length at temperatures of -135°C and could be applied as the basis for future studies.James SelfeJill AlexanderJoseph T CostelloKaren MayNigel GarrattStephen AtkinsStephanie DillonHoward HurstMatthew DavisonDaria PrzybylaAndrew ColeyMark BitconGreg LittlerJim RichardsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e86420 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q James Selfe Jill Alexander Joseph T Costello Karen May Nigel Garratt Stephen Atkins Stephanie Dillon Howard Hurst Matthew Davison Daria Przybyla Andrew Coley Mark Bitcon Greg Littler Jim Richards The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) is the therapeutic application of extreme cold air for a short duration. Minimal evidence is available for determining optimal exposure time.<h4>Purpose</h4>To explore whether the length of WBC exposure induces differential changes in inflammatory markers, tissue oxygenation, skin and core temperature, thermal sensation and comfort.<h4>Method</h4>This study was a randomised cross over design with participants acting as their own control. Fourteen male professional first team super league rugby players were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 minutes of WBC at -135°C. Testing took place the day after a competitive league fixture, each exposure separated by seven days.<h4>Results</h4>No significant changes were found in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin six. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in deoxyhaemoglobin for gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis were found. In vastus lateralis significant reductions (p<0.05) in oxyhaemoglobin and tissue oxygenation index (p<0.05) were demonstrated. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in skin temperature were recorded. No significant changes were recorded in core temperature. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in thermal sensation and comfort were recorded.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Three brief exposures to WBC separated by 1 week are not sufficient to induce physiological changes in IL-6 or core temperature. There are however significant changes in tissue oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin, tissue oxygenation index, skin temperature and thermal sensation. We conclude that a 2 minute WBC exposure was the optimum exposure length at temperatures of -135°C and could be applied as the basis for future studies.
format	article
author	James Selfe Jill Alexander Joseph T Costello Karen May Nigel Garratt Stephen Atkins Stephanie Dillon Howard Hurst Matthew Davison Daria Przybyla Andrew Coley Mark Bitcon Greg Littler Jim Richards
author_facet	James Selfe Jill Alexander Joseph T Costello Karen May Nigel Garratt Stephen Atkins Stephanie Dillon Howard Hurst Matthew Davison Daria Przybyla Andrew Coley Mark Bitcon Greg Littler Jim Richards
author_sort	James Selfe
title	The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
title_short	The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
title_full	The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
title_fullStr	The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
title_sort	effect of three different (-135°c) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/26c69030361f422a886e4ee4a98e32fb
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The effect of three different (-135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players.

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