Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.

Greatly simplified ecosystems are often neglected for biodiversity studies. However, these simplified systems dominate in many regions of the world, and a lack of understanding of what shapes species occurrence in these systems can have consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services at a massi...

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Autores principales:	Julian Klein, Matthew Low, Göran Thor, Jörgen Sjögren, Eva Lindberg, Sönke Eggers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26c9f945dbf449d09c7b594db313c9f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26c9f945dbf449d09c7b594db313c9f02021-12-02T20:14:31ZTree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257564https://doaj.org/article/26c9f945dbf449d09c7b594db313c9f02021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257564https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Greatly simplified ecosystems are often neglected for biodiversity studies. However, these simplified systems dominate in many regions of the world, and a lack of understanding of what shapes species occurrence in these systems can have consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services at a massive scale. In Fennoscandia, ~90% of the boreal forest (~21Mha) is structurally simplified with little knowledge of how forest structural elements shape the occurrence and diversity of for example epiphytic lichens in these managed forests. One form of structural simplification is the reduction of the number and frequency of different tree species. As many lichen species have host tree preferences, it is particularly likely that this simplification has a huge effect on the lichen community in managed forests. In a 40-70 years old boreal forest in Sweden, we therefore related the occurrence and richness of all observed epiphytic lichens to the host tree species and beta and gamma lichen diversity at the forest stand level to the stand's tree species composition and stem diameter. Picea abies hosted the highest lichen richness followed by Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp., and Populus tremula. However, P. tremula hosted twice as many uncommon species as any of the other tree species. Stand level beta and gamma diversity was twice as high on stands with four compared to one tree species, and was highest when either coniferous or deciduous trees made up 40-50% of the trees. The stem diameter was positively related to lichen richness at the tree and stand level, but negatively to beta diversity. For biodiversity, these findings imply that leaving a few trees of a different species during forest thinning is unlikely as effective as combining life-boat trees for endangered species with an even tree species mixture.Julian KleinMatthew LowGöran ThorJörgen SjögrenEva LindbergSönke EggersPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257564 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julian Klein Matthew Low Göran Thor Jörgen Sjögren Eva Lindberg Sönke Eggers Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
description	Greatly simplified ecosystems are often neglected for biodiversity studies. However, these simplified systems dominate in many regions of the world, and a lack of understanding of what shapes species occurrence in these systems can have consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services at a massive scale. In Fennoscandia, ~90% of the boreal forest (~21Mha) is structurally simplified with little knowledge of how forest structural elements shape the occurrence and diversity of for example epiphytic lichens in these managed forests. One form of structural simplification is the reduction of the number and frequency of different tree species. As many lichen species have host tree preferences, it is particularly likely that this simplification has a huge effect on the lichen community in managed forests. In a 40-70 years old boreal forest in Sweden, we therefore related the occurrence and richness of all observed epiphytic lichens to the host tree species and beta and gamma lichen diversity at the forest stand level to the stand's tree species composition and stem diameter. Picea abies hosted the highest lichen richness followed by Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp., and Populus tremula. However, P. tremula hosted twice as many uncommon species as any of the other tree species. Stand level beta and gamma diversity was twice as high on stands with four compared to one tree species, and was highest when either coniferous or deciduous trees made up 40-50% of the trees. The stem diameter was positively related to lichen richness at the tree and stand level, but negatively to beta diversity. For biodiversity, these findings imply that leaving a few trees of a different species during forest thinning is unlikely as effective as combining life-boat trees for endangered species with an even tree species mixture.
format	article
author	Julian Klein Matthew Low Göran Thor Jörgen Sjögren Eva Lindberg Sönke Eggers
author_facet	Julian Klein Matthew Low Göran Thor Jörgen Sjögren Eva Lindberg Sönke Eggers
author_sort	Julian Klein
title	Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
title_short	Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
title_full	Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
title_fullStr	Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
title_full_unstemmed	Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
title_sort	tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/26c9f945dbf449d09c7b594db313c9f0
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Tree species identity and composition shape the epiphytic lichen community of structurally simple boreal forests over vast areas.

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