Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States

Background: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass has been associated with adverse health effects. However, the health effects of PM2.5 components have been less studied. There is a pressing need to better understand the relative contribution of components of PM2.5, which can la...

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Autores principales:	Yifan Wang, Siyao Xiao, Yuhan Zhang, Howard Chang, Randall V. Martin, Aaron Van Donkelaar, Audrey Gaskins, Yang Liu, Pengfei Liu, Liuhua Shi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Air pollution Fine particulate matter PM2.5 components Overall mortality Survival analysis Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26e07c5595874953adba3b11fd9caf2f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26e07c5595874953adba3b11fd9caf2f2021-11-06T04:19:23ZLong-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States0160-412010.1016/j.envint.2021.106969https://doaj.org/article/26e07c5595874953adba3b11fd9caf2f2022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021005948https://doaj.org/toc/0160-4120Background: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass has been associated with adverse health effects. However, the health effects of PM2.5 components have been less studied. There is a pressing need to better understand the relative contribution of components of PM2.5, which can lay the scientific basis for designing effective policies and targeted interventions. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study, comprising all Medicare enrollees aged 65 or older in the southeastern United States from 2000 to 2016, to explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and all-cause mortality among the elderly. Based on well-validated prediction models, we estimated ZIP code-level annual mean concentrations for five major PM2.5 components, including black carbon (BC), nitrate (NIT), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4), and soil particles. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The cohort comprised 13,590,387 Medicare enrollees and a total of 107,191,652 person-years. In single-component models, all five major PM2.5 components were significantly associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025–1.030), 1.012 (95% CI: 1.010–1.013), 1.018 (95% CI: 1.017–1.020), 1.021 (95% CI: 1.017–1.024), and 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003–1.006) for BC, NIT, OM, SO4, and soil particles, respectively. While the effect estimate of soil component was statistically significant, it is much smaller than those of combustion-related components. Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to major PM2.5 components is significantly associated with elevated mortality.Yifan WangSiyao XiaoYuhan ZhangHoward ChangRandall V. MartinAaron Van DonkelaarAudrey GaskinsYang LiuPengfei LiuLiuhua ShiElsevierarticleAir pollutionFine particulate matterPM2.5 componentsOverall mortalitySurvival analysisEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENEnvironment International, Vol 158, Iss , Pp 106969- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Air pollution Fine particulate matter PM2.5 components Overall mortality Survival analysis Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Air pollution Fine particulate matter PM2.5 components Overall mortality Survival analysis Environmental sciences GE1-350 Yifan Wang Siyao Xiao Yuhan Zhang Howard Chang Randall V. Martin Aaron Van Donkelaar Audrey Gaskins Yang Liu Pengfei Liu Liuhua Shi Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
description	Background: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass has been associated with adverse health effects. However, the health effects of PM2.5 components have been less studied. There is a pressing need to better understand the relative contribution of components of PM2.5, which can lay the scientific basis for designing effective policies and targeted interventions. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study, comprising all Medicare enrollees aged 65 or older in the southeastern United States from 2000 to 2016, to explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and all-cause mortality among the elderly. Based on well-validated prediction models, we estimated ZIP code-level annual mean concentrations for five major PM2.5 components, including black carbon (BC), nitrate (NIT), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4), and soil particles. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The cohort comprised 13,590,387 Medicare enrollees and a total of 107,191,652 person-years. In single-component models, all five major PM2.5 components were significantly associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025–1.030), 1.012 (95% CI: 1.010–1.013), 1.018 (95% CI: 1.017–1.020), 1.021 (95% CI: 1.017–1.024), and 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003–1.006) for BC, NIT, OM, SO4, and soil particles, respectively. While the effect estimate of soil component was statistically significant, it is much smaller than those of combustion-related components. Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to major PM2.5 components is significantly associated with elevated mortality.
format	article
author	Yifan Wang Siyao Xiao Yuhan Zhang Howard Chang Randall V. Martin Aaron Van Donkelaar Audrey Gaskins Yang Liu Pengfei Liu Liuhua Shi
author_facet	Yifan Wang Siyao Xiao Yuhan Zhang Howard Chang Randall V. Martin Aaron Van Donkelaar Audrey Gaskins Yang Liu Pengfei Liu Liuhua Shi
author_sort	Yifan Wang
title	Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
title_short	Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
title_full	Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
title_fullStr	Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
title_full_unstemmed	Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
title_sort	long-term exposure to pm2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern united states
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/26e07c5595874953adba3b11fd9caf2f
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Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States

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