ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review

Amedeo Minichino&sup1;, Francesco Saverio Bersani&sup1;, Enrico Capra&sup1;, Rossella Pannese&sup1;, Celeste Bonanno&sup2;, Massimo Salviati&sup1;, Roberto Delle Chiaie&sup1;, Massimo Biondi&sup1;&sup1;Department of Neurology an...

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Autores principales:	Salviati M, Bonanno C, Pannese R, Capra E, Bersani FS, Minichino A, Delle Chiaie R, Biondi M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26ef89293e744021ae5d6a5025bc962b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26ef89293e744021ae5d6a5025bc962b2021-12-02T00:11:56ZECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/26ef89293e744021ae5d6a5025bc962b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/ect-rtms-and-deeptms-in-pharmacoresistant-drug-free-patients-with-unip-a9067https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Amedeo Minichino&sup1;, Francesco Saverio Bersani&sup1;, Enrico Capra&sup1;, Rossella Pannese&sup1;, Celeste Bonanno&sup2;, Massimo Salviati&sup1;, Roberto Delle Chiaie&sup1;, Massimo Biondi&sup1;&sup1;Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, &sup2;Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, ItalyBackground: Biological treatments are considered as additional options for the treatment of resistant unipolar depression. Controversial data exist about the efficacy and tolerability of three of the most used somatic treatments: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (deepTMS). The aim of this review is to investigate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of these three techniques in drug-free patients with pharmacoresistant unipolar depression.Methods: Three independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of methodological reporting of selected studies. The first outcome was the clinical response to the three different techniques defined as a percentage improvement of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The second outcome was the evaluation of their neuropsychological effects. The third outcome was the evaluation of the number of remitted patients; remission was defined as an absolute HDRS-24 score of &le;11 or as an absolute HDRS-17 score of &le;8. Tolerability was the fourth outcome; it was evaluated by examining the number of dropped-out patients.Results: The comparative evaluation of HDRS percentage variations shows ECT as the most effective method after 4 weeks of therapy; on the other hand, a better efficacy is obtainable by deepTMS after 2 weeks of therapy. DeepTMS is the technique that gives the best improvement of cognitive performances. The percentage of remitted patients obtained with ECT treatment is the same obtained in the deepTMS group. Both techniques have a remitted patients percentage two times larger than the rTMS. DeepTMS shows a tolerability, measured by the number of dropped-out patients, worse than ECT.Conclusion: Our investigation confirms the great therapeutic power of ECT. DeepTMS seems to be the only therapy that provides a substantial improvement of both depressive symptoms and cognitive performances; nevertheless it is characterized by a poor tolerability. rTMS seems to provide a better tolerability for patients, but its therapeutic efficacy is lower. Considering the small therapeutic efficacy of deepTMS in the last 2 weeks of treatment, it could be reasonable to shorten the standard period of deepTMS treatment from 4 to 2 weeks, expecting a reduction of dropped-out patients and thus optimizing the treatment outcome.Keywords: deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, pharmacoresistant unipolar depressionSalviati MBonanno CPannese RCapra EBersani FSMinichino ADelle Chiaie RBiondi MDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 55-64 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Salviati M Bonanno C Pannese R Capra E Bersani FS Minichino A Delle Chiaie R Biondi M ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
description	Amedeo Minichino&sup1;, Francesco Saverio Bersani&sup1;, Enrico Capra&sup1;, Rossella Pannese&sup1;, Celeste Bonanno&sup2;, Massimo Salviati&sup1;, Roberto Delle Chiaie&sup1;, Massimo Biondi&sup1;&sup1;Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, &sup2;Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, ItalyBackground: Biological treatments are considered as additional options for the treatment of resistant unipolar depression. Controversial data exist about the efficacy and tolerability of three of the most used somatic treatments: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (deepTMS). The aim of this review is to investigate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of these three techniques in drug-free patients with pharmacoresistant unipolar depression.Methods: Three independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of methodological reporting of selected studies. The first outcome was the clinical response to the three different techniques defined as a percentage improvement of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The second outcome was the evaluation of their neuropsychological effects. The third outcome was the evaluation of the number of remitted patients; remission was defined as an absolute HDRS-24 score of &le;11 or as an absolute HDRS-17 score of &le;8. Tolerability was the fourth outcome; it was evaluated by examining the number of dropped-out patients.Results: The comparative evaluation of HDRS percentage variations shows ECT as the most effective method after 4 weeks of therapy; on the other hand, a better efficacy is obtainable by deepTMS after 2 weeks of therapy. DeepTMS is the technique that gives the best improvement of cognitive performances. The percentage of remitted patients obtained with ECT treatment is the same obtained in the deepTMS group. Both techniques have a remitted patients percentage two times larger than the rTMS. DeepTMS shows a tolerability, measured by the number of dropped-out patients, worse than ECT.Conclusion: Our investigation confirms the great therapeutic power of ECT. DeepTMS seems to be the only therapy that provides a substantial improvement of both depressive symptoms and cognitive performances; nevertheless it is characterized by a poor tolerability. rTMS seems to provide a better tolerability for patients, but its therapeutic efficacy is lower. Considering the small therapeutic efficacy of deepTMS in the last 2 weeks of treatment, it could be reasonable to shorten the standard period of deepTMS treatment from 4 to 2 weeks, expecting a reduction of dropped-out patients and thus optimizing the treatment outcome.Keywords: deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, pharmacoresistant unipolar depression
format	article
author	Salviati M Bonanno C Pannese R Capra E Bersani FS Minichino A Delle Chiaie R Biondi M
author_facet	Salviati M Bonanno C Pannese R Capra E Bersani FS Minichino A Delle Chiaie R Biondi M
author_sort	Salviati M
title	ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
title_short	ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
title_full	ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
title_fullStr	ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
title_full_unstemmed	ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
title_sort	ect, rtms, and deeptms in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/26ef89293e744021ae5d6a5025bc962b
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ECT, rTMS, and deepTMS in pharmacoresistant drug-free patients with unipolar depression: a comparative review

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