Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice

The brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Stål), is a key challenge to rice production in Asia. Outbreaks of planthoppers are associated with excessive fertilizer applications; consequently, we examined planthopper interactions with susceptible, tolerant and resistant varieties o...

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Autores principales:	Finbarr G. Horgan, Thais Fernanda S. de Freitas, Eduardo Crisol-Martínez, Enrique A. Mundaca, Carmencita C. Bernal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>BPH3</i> <i>BPH32</i> compensation <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> phenotyping phloem feeding Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/26ff6fded5c148f99b4b6e820ab9fdb6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:26ff6fded5c148f99b4b6e820ab9fdb62021-11-25T17:59:20ZNitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice10.3390/insects121109892075-4450https://doaj.org/article/26ff6fded5c148f99b4b6e820ab9fdb62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/989https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450The brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Stål), is a key challenge to rice production in Asia. Outbreaks of planthoppers are associated with excessive fertilizer applications; consequently, we examined planthopper interactions with susceptible, tolerant and resistant varieties of rice under varying levels of soil nitrogen in a greenhouse experiment. We compared planthopper fitness (survival × reproduction) and plant tolerance (functional plant loss index) for 16 varieties at 0, 80 and 150 Kg added nitrogen ha<sup>−1</sup>. The planthoppers grew larger, developed more quickly and laid more eggs on susceptible varieties, compared with the resistant and tolerant varieties. Moreover, soil nitrogen generally increased planthopper fitness on resistant varieties, but relative resistance was maintained. Functional plant loss was highest among the susceptible varieties, but weight and growth rate reductions per mg of planthopper were often highest in the tolerant varieties. Tolerance was associated with large, fast-growing plants, with at least moderate resistance to the planthopper. Susceptibility was associated with a small size and/or an absence of resistance genes. Our results suggested that early-tillering rice plants can be both resistant and tolerant to the brown planthopper, but cannot be both susceptible and tolerant of planthoppers at high densities. This indicates that at least moderate resistance is required for tolerance against this herbivore. Furthermore, although dwarf varieties had a low tolerance of planthoppers, they could express resistance through functioning resistance genes.Finbarr G. HorganThais Fernanda S. de FreitasEduardo Crisol-MartínezEnrique A. MundacaCarmencita C. BernalMDPI AGarticle<i>BPH3</i><i>BPH32</i>compensation<i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>phenotypingphloem feedingScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 989, p 989 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>BPH3</i> <i>BPH32</i> compensation <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> phenotyping phloem feeding Science Q
spellingShingle	<i>BPH3</i> <i>BPH32</i> compensation <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> phenotyping phloem feeding Science Q Finbarr G. Horgan Thais Fernanda S. de Freitas Eduardo Crisol-Martínez Enrique A. Mundaca Carmencita C. Bernal Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
description	The brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Stål), is a key challenge to rice production in Asia. Outbreaks of planthoppers are associated with excessive fertilizer applications; consequently, we examined planthopper interactions with susceptible, tolerant and resistant varieties of rice under varying levels of soil nitrogen in a greenhouse experiment. We compared planthopper fitness (survival × reproduction) and plant tolerance (functional plant loss index) for 16 varieties at 0, 80 and 150 Kg added nitrogen ha<sup>−1</sup>. The planthoppers grew larger, developed more quickly and laid more eggs on susceptible varieties, compared with the resistant and tolerant varieties. Moreover, soil nitrogen generally increased planthopper fitness on resistant varieties, but relative resistance was maintained. Functional plant loss was highest among the susceptible varieties, but weight and growth rate reductions per mg of planthopper were often highest in the tolerant varieties. Tolerance was associated with large, fast-growing plants, with at least moderate resistance to the planthopper. Susceptibility was associated with a small size and/or an absence of resistance genes. Our results suggested that early-tillering rice plants can be both resistant and tolerant to the brown planthopper, but cannot be both susceptible and tolerant of planthoppers at high densities. This indicates that at least moderate resistance is required for tolerance against this herbivore. Furthermore, although dwarf varieties had a low tolerance of planthoppers, they could express resistance through functioning resistance genes.
format	article
author	Finbarr G. Horgan Thais Fernanda S. de Freitas Eduardo Crisol-Martínez Enrique A. Mundaca Carmencita C. Bernal
author_facet	Finbarr G. Horgan Thais Fernanda S. de Freitas Eduardo Crisol-Martínez Enrique A. Mundaca Carmencita C. Bernal
author_sort	Finbarr G. Horgan
title	Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
title_short	Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
title_full	Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
title_fullStr	Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
title_full_unstemmed	Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice
title_sort	nitrogenous fertilizer reduces resistance but enhances tolerance to the brown planthopper in fast-growing, moderately resistant rice
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/26ff6fded5c148f99b4b6e820ab9fdb6
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Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice

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