Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?

This study examined the effects of a simultaneous ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and SHAM intervention to reduce the placebo effect due to a priori expectation on the performance of knee extension resistance exercise. Nine moderately trained men were tested in three different occasions. Following th...

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Autores principales:	Hiago L R de Souza, Rhaí A Arriel, Gustavo R Mota, Rodrigo Hohl, Moacir Marocolo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2717fcf3a21b4b13993ee1cdfa50ded7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2717fcf3a21b4b13993ee1cdfa50ded72021-12-02T20:05:43ZDoes ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250572https://doaj.org/article/2717fcf3a21b4b13993ee1cdfa50ded72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250572https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203This study examined the effects of a simultaneous ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and SHAM intervention to reduce the placebo effect due to a priori expectation on the performance of knee extension resistance exercise. Nine moderately trained men were tested in three different occasions. Following the baseline tests, subjects performed a first set of leg extension tests after the IPC (3 X 5 min 50 mmHg above systolic blood pressure) on right thigh and the SHAM (same as IPC, but 20 mmHg) on left thigh. After 48 hours, the subjects performed another set of tests with the opposite applications. Number of repetitions, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and perceptual indicators were analyzed. After IPC and SHAM intervention performed at the same time, similar results were observed for the number of repetitions, with no significant differences between conditions (baseline x IPC x SHAM) for either left (p = 0.274) or right thigh (p = 0.242). The fatigue index and volume load did not show significant effect size after IPC and SHAM maneuvers. In contrast, significant reduction on left tight MVIC was observed (p = 0.001) in SHAM and IPC compared to baseline, but not for right thigh (p = 0.106). Results from the current study may indicate that applying IPC prior to a set of leg extension does not result in ergogenic effects. The placebo effect seems to be related to this technique and its dissociation seems unlikely, therefore including a SHAM or placebo group in IPC studies is strongly recommended.Hiago L R de SouzaRhaí A ArrielGustavo R MotaRodrigo HohlMoacir MarocoloPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0250572 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hiago L R de Souza Rhaí A Arriel Gustavo R Mota Rodrigo Hohl Moacir Marocolo Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
description	This study examined the effects of a simultaneous ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and SHAM intervention to reduce the placebo effect due to a priori expectation on the performance of knee extension resistance exercise. Nine moderately trained men were tested in three different occasions. Following the baseline tests, subjects performed a first set of leg extension tests after the IPC (3 X 5 min 50 mmHg above systolic blood pressure) on right thigh and the SHAM (same as IPC, but 20 mmHg) on left thigh. After 48 hours, the subjects performed another set of tests with the opposite applications. Number of repetitions, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and perceptual indicators were analyzed. After IPC and SHAM intervention performed at the same time, similar results were observed for the number of repetitions, with no significant differences between conditions (baseline x IPC x SHAM) for either left (p = 0.274) or right thigh (p = 0.242). The fatigue index and volume load did not show significant effect size after IPC and SHAM maneuvers. In contrast, significant reduction on left tight MVIC was observed (p = 0.001) in SHAM and IPC compared to baseline, but not for right thigh (p = 0.106). Results from the current study may indicate that applying IPC prior to a set of leg extension does not result in ergogenic effects. The placebo effect seems to be related to this technique and its dissociation seems unlikely, therefore including a SHAM or placebo group in IPC studies is strongly recommended.
format	article
author	Hiago L R de Souza Rhaí A Arriel Gustavo R Mota Rodrigo Hohl Moacir Marocolo
author_facet	Hiago L R de Souza Rhaí A Arriel Gustavo R Mota Rodrigo Hohl Moacir Marocolo
author_sort	Hiago L R de Souza
title	Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
title_short	Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
title_full	Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
title_fullStr	Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
title_full_unstemmed	Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
title_sort	does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2717fcf3a21b4b13993ee1cdfa50ded7
work_keys_str_mv	AT hiagolrdesouza doesischemicpreconditioningreallyimproveperformanceoritisjustaplaceboeffect AT rhaiaarriel doesischemicpreconditioningreallyimproveperformanceoritisjustaplaceboeffect AT gustavormota doesischemicpreconditioningreallyimproveperformanceoritisjustaplaceboeffect AT rodrigohohl doesischemicpreconditioningreallyimproveperformanceoritisjustaplaceboeffect AT moacirmarocolo doesischemicpreconditioningreallyimproveperformanceoritisjustaplaceboeffect
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Does ischemic preconditioning really improve performance or it is just a placebo effect?

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