Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.

<h4>Background</h4>The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, delivering inhibitory efferents to the relay nuclei of the thalamus. Pathological hyperactivity of SNr neurons is known to be responsible for some motor disorders e.g. in Parkins...

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Autores principales:	Elodie Barat, Sylvie Boisseau, Céline Bouyssières, Florence Appaix, Marc Savasta, Mireille Albrieux
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27377ea268af40178890c37d4261f8d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27377ea268af40178890c37d4261f8d42021-11-18T07:10:41ZSubthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0041793https://doaj.org/article/27377ea268af40178890c37d4261f8d42012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22848608/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, delivering inhibitory efferents to the relay nuclei of the thalamus. Pathological hyperactivity of SNr neurons is known to be responsible for some motor disorders e.g. in Parkinson's disease. One way to restore this pathological activity is to electrically stimulate one of the SNr input, the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN), which has emerged as an effective treatment for parkinsonian patients. The neuronal network and signal processing of the basal ganglia are well known but, paradoxically, the role of astrocytes in the regulation of SNr activity has never been studied.<h4>Principal findings</h4>In this work, we developed a rat brain slice model to study the influence of spontaneous and induced excitability of afferent nuclei on SNr astrocytes calcium activity. Astrocytes represent the main cellular population in the SNr and display spontaneous calcium activities in basal conditions. Half of this activity is autonomous (i.e. independent of synaptic activity) while the other half is dependent on spontaneous glutamate and GABA release, probably controlled by the pace-maker activity of the pallido-nigral and subthalamo-nigral loops. Modification of the activity of the loops by STN electrical stimulation disrupted this astrocytic calcium excitability through an increase of glutamate and GABA releases. Astrocytic AMPA, mGlu and GABA(A) receptors were involved in this effect.<h4>Significance</h4>Astrocytes are now viewed as active components of neural networks but their role depends on the brain structure concerned. In the SNr, evoked activity prevails and autonomous calcium activity is lower than in the cortex or hippocampus. Our data therefore reflect a specific role of SNr astrocytes in sensing the STN-GPe-SNr loops activity and suggest that SNr astrocytes could potentially feedback on SNr neuronal activity. These findings have major implications given the position of SNr in the basal ganglia network.Elodie BaratSylvie BoisseauCéline BouyssièresFlorence AppaixMarc SavastaMireille AlbrieuxPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41793 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elodie Barat Sylvie Boisseau Céline Bouyssières Florence Appaix Marc Savasta Mireille Albrieux Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, delivering inhibitory efferents to the relay nuclei of the thalamus. Pathological hyperactivity of SNr neurons is known to be responsible for some motor disorders e.g. in Parkinson's disease. One way to restore this pathological activity is to electrically stimulate one of the SNr input, the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN), which has emerged as an effective treatment for parkinsonian patients. The neuronal network and signal processing of the basal ganglia are well known but, paradoxically, the role of astrocytes in the regulation of SNr activity has never been studied.<h4>Principal findings</h4>In this work, we developed a rat brain slice model to study the influence of spontaneous and induced excitability of afferent nuclei on SNr astrocytes calcium activity. Astrocytes represent the main cellular population in the SNr and display spontaneous calcium activities in basal conditions. Half of this activity is autonomous (i.e. independent of synaptic activity) while the other half is dependent on spontaneous glutamate and GABA release, probably controlled by the pace-maker activity of the pallido-nigral and subthalamo-nigral loops. Modification of the activity of the loops by STN electrical stimulation disrupted this astrocytic calcium excitability through an increase of glutamate and GABA releases. Astrocytic AMPA, mGlu and GABA(A) receptors were involved in this effect.<h4>Significance</h4>Astrocytes are now viewed as active components of neural networks but their role depends on the brain structure concerned. In the SNr, evoked activity prevails and autonomous calcium activity is lower than in the cortex or hippocampus. Our data therefore reflect a specific role of SNr astrocytes in sensing the STN-GPe-SNr loops activity and suggest that SNr astrocytes could potentially feedback on SNr neuronal activity. These findings have major implications given the position of SNr in the basal ganglia network.
format	article
author	Elodie Barat Sylvie Boisseau Céline Bouyssières Florence Appaix Marc Savasta Mireille Albrieux
author_facet	Elodie Barat Sylvie Boisseau Céline Bouyssières Florence Appaix Marc Savasta Mireille Albrieux
author_sort	Elodie Barat
title	Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
title_short	Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
title_full	Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
title_fullStr	Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
title_full_unstemmed	Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
title_sort	subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/27377ea268af40178890c37d4261f8d4
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Subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation modulates calcium activity of nigral astrocytes.

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