Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

The prevalence of dental/bone deformities provides motivation for studying the distribution, severity and sources of the Fluoride (F−1). The ground water samples (n = 77) were collected, from the districts of Lahore and Kasur of approximately 750 km2 area. The water was analyzed for fluoride (F−), p...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah Yasar, Tariq Javed, Firdaus Kausar, Jaweria Shamshad, Muhammad Umar Hayat Khan, Rashid Iqbal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	bone deformities lahore teeth fluorosis toxicity water pollution Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/273da7fb2aec43d896203c6cc874e5fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:273da7fb2aec43d896203c6cc874e5fe2021-11-06T10:08:45ZGround water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan1606-97491607-079810.2166/ws.2021.084https://doaj.org/article/273da7fb2aec43d896203c6cc874e5fe2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ws.iwaponline.com/content/21/6/3126https://doaj.org/toc/1606-9749https://doaj.org/toc/1607-0798The prevalence of dental/bone deformities provides motivation for studying the distribution, severity and sources of the Fluoride (F−1). The ground water samples (n = 77) were collected, from the districts of Lahore and Kasur of approximately 750 km2 area. The water was analyzed for fluoride (F−), pH, electric conductivity (EC), alkalinity and hardness. The results revealed F− concentration ranges from 0.25–21.3 mg. An inverse relation between depth and fluoride concentration was observed. On the basis of cluster analysis three zones were identified. Highly toxic zone was a strip of 15 km wide and 3 km long, along Multan Road from Sunder to Phool Nagar bypass, with fluoride concentration (08–21.3 mg/L). The highly toxic zone inhabited a number of industrial units, disposing off their wastewater through soaking pits. These units contribute pollution to the shallow water, which further penetrates to the surroundings. Hence the shallow water (depth of 45–50 feet) was the most contaminated. The intensity of toxic effects decreases from highly to mild toxic zone. It was concluded that the problem was actually associated with the industrial wastewater. Therefore, to overcome the issue, measures of supplying fresh drinking water from the deep aquifer as well as treatment of industrial water is suggested. HIGHLIGHT Industry was actually responsible for fluoride toxicity in the region rather than natural sources.;Abdullah YasarTariq JavedFirdaus KausarJaweria ShamshadMuhammad Umar Hayat KhanRashid IqbalIWA Publishingarticlebone deformitieslahoreteeth fluorosistoxicitywater pollutionWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Supply, Vol 21, Iss 6, Pp 3126-3140 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bone deformities lahore teeth fluorosis toxicity water pollution Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	bone deformities lahore teeth fluorosis toxicity water pollution Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Abdullah Yasar Tariq Javed Firdaus Kausar Jaweria Shamshad Muhammad Umar Hayat Khan Rashid Iqbal Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
description	The prevalence of dental/bone deformities provides motivation for studying the distribution, severity and sources of the Fluoride (F−1). The ground water samples (n = 77) were collected, from the districts of Lahore and Kasur of approximately 750 km2 area. The water was analyzed for fluoride (F−), pH, electric conductivity (EC), alkalinity and hardness. The results revealed F− concentration ranges from 0.25–21.3 mg. An inverse relation between depth and fluoride concentration was observed. On the basis of cluster analysis three zones were identified. Highly toxic zone was a strip of 15 km wide and 3 km long, along Multan Road from Sunder to Phool Nagar bypass, with fluoride concentration (08–21.3 mg/L). The highly toxic zone inhabited a number of industrial units, disposing off their wastewater through soaking pits. These units contribute pollution to the shallow water, which further penetrates to the surroundings. Hence the shallow water (depth of 45–50 feet) was the most contaminated. The intensity of toxic effects decreases from highly to mild toxic zone. It was concluded that the problem was actually associated with the industrial wastewater. Therefore, to overcome the issue, measures of supplying fresh drinking water from the deep aquifer as well as treatment of industrial water is suggested. HIGHLIGHT Industry was actually responsible for fluoride toxicity in the region rather than natural sources.;
format	article
author	Abdullah Yasar Tariq Javed Firdaus Kausar Jaweria Shamshad Muhammad Umar Hayat Khan Rashid Iqbal
author_facet	Abdullah Yasar Tariq Javed Firdaus Kausar Jaweria Shamshad Muhammad Umar Hayat Khan Rashid Iqbal
author_sort	Abdullah Yasar
title	Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
title_short	Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
title_full	Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
title_fullStr	Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
title_sort	ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in southwestern lahore, punjab, pakistan
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/273da7fb2aec43d896203c6cc874e5fe
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdullahyasar groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan AT tariqjaved groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan AT firdauskausar groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan AT jaweriashamshad groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan AT muhammadumarhayatkhan groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan AT rashidiqbal groundwatertoxicityduetofluoridecontaminationinsouthwesternlahorepunjabpakistan
_version_	1718443783633240064

Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

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