Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers

Abstract One major health issue is the microbial and chemical contamination of natural freshwater, particularly in Latin American countries, such as Ecuador, where it is still lacking wastewater treatment plants. This study analyzed the water quality in twelve rivers of Ecuador (Coastal, Andean, and...

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Autores principales:	Dayana Vinueza, Valeria Ochoa-Herrera, Laurence Maurice, Esteban Tamayo, Lorena Mejía, Eduardo Tejera, António Machado
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27556707d9504ed889dd7941d89ef15f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27556707d9504ed889dd7941d89ef15f2021-12-02T16:38:49ZDetermining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers10.1038/s41598-021-96926-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/27556707d9504ed889dd7941d89ef15f2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96926-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract One major health issue is the microbial and chemical contamination of natural freshwater, particularly in Latin American countries, such as Ecuador, where it is still lacking wastewater treatment plants. This study analyzed the water quality in twelve rivers of Ecuador (Coastal, Andean, and Amazonian regions). All rivers showed levels of E. coli and total coliforms above the maximum limit according to International and Ecuadorian legislations. The most polluted rivers were Zamora, Esmeraldas and Machángara. Also, E. coli pathotypes were found in six rivers. Several physicochemical and metal parameters were detected in high levels, such as CODTOTAL (in eight rivers), TSS (in six rivers), TS (in two rivers), Al (in nine rivers), Zn (in eight rivers), Pb (in three rivers), Cu (in three rivers), Fe (in two rivers), and Mn (in Machángara River). Our results agree with other studies in Latin America (such as Colombia, Brazil, and Peru) reporting similar contamination in water resources used for agriculture, livestock, and human consumption. Overall, Guayas, Guayllabamba, and Machángara Rivers showed the highest levels of physicochemical parameters (such as CODTOTAL and TSS) and metal concentrations (such as copper, zinc, aluminum, iron, and manganese). Further studies should evaluate contamination sources and public health impact.Dayana VinuezaValeria Ochoa-HerreraLaurence MauriceEsteban TamayoLorena MejíaEduardo TejeraAntónio MachadoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dayana Vinueza Valeria Ochoa-Herrera Laurence Maurice Esteban Tamayo Lorena Mejía Eduardo Tejera António Machado Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
description	Abstract One major health issue is the microbial and chemical contamination of natural freshwater, particularly in Latin American countries, such as Ecuador, where it is still lacking wastewater treatment plants. This study analyzed the water quality in twelve rivers of Ecuador (Coastal, Andean, and Amazonian regions). All rivers showed levels of E. coli and total coliforms above the maximum limit according to International and Ecuadorian legislations. The most polluted rivers were Zamora, Esmeraldas and Machángara. Also, E. coli pathotypes were found in six rivers. Several physicochemical and metal parameters were detected in high levels, such as CODTOTAL (in eight rivers), TSS (in six rivers), TS (in two rivers), Al (in nine rivers), Zn (in eight rivers), Pb (in three rivers), Cu (in three rivers), Fe (in two rivers), and Mn (in Machángara River). Our results agree with other studies in Latin America (such as Colombia, Brazil, and Peru) reporting similar contamination in water resources used for agriculture, livestock, and human consumption. Overall, Guayas, Guayllabamba, and Machángara Rivers showed the highest levels of physicochemical parameters (such as CODTOTAL and TSS) and metal concentrations (such as copper, zinc, aluminum, iron, and manganese). Further studies should evaluate contamination sources and public health impact.
format	article
author	Dayana Vinueza Valeria Ochoa-Herrera Laurence Maurice Esteban Tamayo Lorena Mejía Eduardo Tejera António Machado
author_facet	Dayana Vinueza Valeria Ochoa-Herrera Laurence Maurice Esteban Tamayo Lorena Mejía Eduardo Tejera António Machado
author_sort	Dayana Vinueza
title	Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
title_short	Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
title_full	Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
title_fullStr	Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
title_full_unstemmed	Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers
title_sort	determining the microbial and chemical contamination in ecuador’s main rivers
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/27556707d9504ed889dd7941d89ef15f
work_keys_str_mv	AT dayanavinueza determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT valeriaochoaherrera determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT laurencemaurice determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT estebantamayo determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT lorenamejia determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT eduardotejera determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers AT antoniomachado determiningthemicrobialandchemicalcontaminationinecuadorsmainrivers
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Determining the microbial and chemical contamination in Ecuador’s main rivers

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