Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.

This work presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to evaluate, and potentially treat, the alterations in rhythmic hand movements seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the elderly (EC), by comparison with healthy young controls (YC). The system integrates the subjects into a VR environm...

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Autores principales:	Pablo Arias, Verónica Robles-García, Gabriel Sanmartín, Julian Flores, Javier Cudeiro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2779c1cce9694745960343e5cfa7ec7e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:2779c1cce9694745960343e5cfa7ec7e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2779c1cce9694745960343e5cfa7ec7e2021-11-18T07:29:57ZVirtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030021https://doaj.org/article/2779c1cce9694745960343e5cfa7ec7e2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22279559/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203This work presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to evaluate, and potentially treat, the alterations in rhythmic hand movements seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the elderly (EC), by comparison with healthy young controls (YC). The system integrates the subjects into a VR environment by means of a Head Mounted Display, such that subjects perceive themselves in a virtual world consisting of a table within a room. In this experiment, subjects are presented in 1(st) person perspective, so that the avatar reproduces finger tapping movements performed by the subjects. The task, known as the finger tapping test (FT), was performed by all three subject groups, PD, EC and YC. FT was carried out by each subject on two different days (sessions), one week apart. In each FT session all subjects performed FT in the real world (FT(REAL)) and in the VR (FT(VR)); each mode was repeated three times in randomized order. During FT both the tapping frequency and the coefficient of variation of inter-tap interval were registered. FT(VR) was a valid test to detect differences in rhythm formation between the three groups. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and mean difference between days for FT(VR) (for each group) showed reliable results. Finally, the analysis of ICC and mean difference between FT(VR) vs FT(REAL), for each variable and group, also showed high reliability. This shows that FT evaluation in VR environments is valid as real world alternative, as VR evaluation did not distort movement execution and detects alteration in rhythm formation. These results support the use of VR as a promising tool to study alterations and the control of movement in different subject groups in unusual environments, such as during fMRI or other imaging studies.Pablo AriasVerónica Robles-GarcíaGabriel SanmartínJulian FloresJavier CudeiroPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e30021 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pablo Arias Verónica Robles-García Gabriel Sanmartín Julian Flores Javier Cudeiro Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
description	This work presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to evaluate, and potentially treat, the alterations in rhythmic hand movements seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the elderly (EC), by comparison with healthy young controls (YC). The system integrates the subjects into a VR environment by means of a Head Mounted Display, such that subjects perceive themselves in a virtual world consisting of a table within a room. In this experiment, subjects are presented in 1(st) person perspective, so that the avatar reproduces finger tapping movements performed by the subjects. The task, known as the finger tapping test (FT), was performed by all three subject groups, PD, EC and YC. FT was carried out by each subject on two different days (sessions), one week apart. In each FT session all subjects performed FT in the real world (FT(REAL)) and in the VR (FT(VR)); each mode was repeated three times in randomized order. During FT both the tapping frequency and the coefficient of variation of inter-tap interval were registered. FT(VR) was a valid test to detect differences in rhythm formation between the three groups. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and mean difference between days for FT(VR) (for each group) showed reliable results. Finally, the analysis of ICC and mean difference between FT(VR) vs FT(REAL), for each variable and group, also showed high reliability. This shows that FT evaluation in VR environments is valid as real world alternative, as VR evaluation did not distort movement execution and detects alteration in rhythm formation. These results support the use of VR as a promising tool to study alterations and the control of movement in different subject groups in unusual environments, such as during fMRI or other imaging studies.
format	article
author	Pablo Arias Verónica Robles-García Gabriel Sanmartín Julian Flores Javier Cudeiro
author_facet	Pablo Arias Verónica Robles-García Gabriel Sanmartín Julian Flores Javier Cudeiro
author_sort	Pablo Arias
title	Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
title_short	Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
title_full	Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
title_fullStr	Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
title_full_unstemmed	Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.
title_sort	virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and parkinson's disease patients.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/2779c1cce9694745960343e5cfa7ec7e
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Virtual reality as a tool for evaluation of repetitive rhythmic movements in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients.

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