Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins

Abstract Background Barnacles are sessile crustaceans that attach to underwater surfaces using barnacle cement proteins. Barnacles have a calcareous or chitinous membranous base, and their substratum varies from biotic (e.g. corals/sponges) to abiotic surfaces. In this study, we tested the hypothesi...

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Autores principales:	Hsiu-Chin Lin, Yue Him Wong, Chia-Hsuan Sung, Benny Kwok Kan Chan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Barnacle Cement protein Cement gland Transcriptome Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/278a4577f8bd4f419c8b62607f1178c2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:278a4577f8bd4f419c8b62607f1178c22021-11-08T10:57:32ZHistology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins10.1186/s12864-021-08049-41471-2164https://doaj.org/article/278a4577f8bd4f419c8b62607f1178c22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08049-4https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164Abstract Background Barnacles are sessile crustaceans that attach to underwater surfaces using barnacle cement proteins. Barnacles have a calcareous or chitinous membranous base, and their substratum varies from biotic (e.g. corals/sponges) to abiotic surfaces. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cement protein (CP) composition and chemical properties of different species vary according to the attachment substrate and/or the basal structure. We examined the histological structure of cement glands and explored the variations in cement protein homologs of 12 barnacle species with different attachment habitats and base materials. Results Cement gland cells in the rocky shore barnacles Tetraclita japonica formosana and Amphibalanus amphitrite are eosinophilic, while others are basophilic. Transcriptome analyses recovered CP homologs from all species except the scleractinian coral barnacle Galkinia sp. A phylogenomic analysis based on sequences of CP homologs did not reflect a clear phylogenetic pattern in attachment substrates. In some species, certain CPs have a remarkable number of paralogous sequences, suggesting that major duplication events occurred in CP genes. The examined CPs across taxa show consistent bias toward particular sets of amino acid. However, the predicted isoelectric point (pI) and hydropathy are highly divergent. In some species, conserved regions are highly repetitive. Conclusions Instead of developing specific cement proteins for different attachment substrata, barnacles attached to different substrata rely on a highly duplicated cementation genetic toolkit to generate paralogous CP sequences with diverse chemical and biochemical properties. This general CP cocktail might be the key genetic feature enabling barnacles to adapt to a wide variety of substrata.Hsiu-Chin LinYue Him WongChia-Hsuan SungBenny Kwok Kan ChanBMCarticleBarnacleCement proteinCement glandTranscriptomeBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65GeneticsQH426-470ENBMC Genomics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Barnacle Cement protein Cement gland Transcriptome Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Barnacle Cement protein Cement gland Transcriptome Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Hsiu-Chin Lin Yue Him Wong Chia-Hsuan Sung Benny Kwok Kan Chan Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
description	Abstract Background Barnacles are sessile crustaceans that attach to underwater surfaces using barnacle cement proteins. Barnacles have a calcareous or chitinous membranous base, and their substratum varies from biotic (e.g. corals/sponges) to abiotic surfaces. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cement protein (CP) composition and chemical properties of different species vary according to the attachment substrate and/or the basal structure. We examined the histological structure of cement glands and explored the variations in cement protein homologs of 12 barnacle species with different attachment habitats and base materials. Results Cement gland cells in the rocky shore barnacles Tetraclita japonica formosana and Amphibalanus amphitrite are eosinophilic, while others are basophilic. Transcriptome analyses recovered CP homologs from all species except the scleractinian coral barnacle Galkinia sp. A phylogenomic analysis based on sequences of CP homologs did not reflect a clear phylogenetic pattern in attachment substrates. In some species, certain CPs have a remarkable number of paralogous sequences, suggesting that major duplication events occurred in CP genes. The examined CPs across taxa show consistent bias toward particular sets of amino acid. However, the predicted isoelectric point (pI) and hydropathy are highly divergent. In some species, conserved regions are highly repetitive. Conclusions Instead of developing specific cement proteins for different attachment substrata, barnacles attached to different substrata rely on a highly duplicated cementation genetic toolkit to generate paralogous CP sequences with diverse chemical and biochemical properties. This general CP cocktail might be the key genetic feature enabling barnacles to adapt to a wide variety of substrata.
format	article
author	Hsiu-Chin Lin Yue Him Wong Chia-Hsuan Sung Benny Kwok Kan Chan
author_facet	Hsiu-Chin Lin Yue Him Wong Chia-Hsuan Sung Benny Kwok Kan Chan
author_sort	Hsiu-Chin Lin
title	Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
title_short	Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
title_full	Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
title_fullStr	Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
title_full_unstemmed	Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
title_sort	histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/278a4577f8bd4f419c8b62607f1178c2
work_keys_str_mv	AT hsiuchinlin histologyandtranscriptomicanalysesofbarnacleswithdifferentbasematerialsandhabitatsshedlightsontheduplicationandchemicaldiversificationofbarnaclecementproteins AT yuehimwong histologyandtranscriptomicanalysesofbarnacleswithdifferentbasematerialsandhabitatsshedlightsontheduplicationandchemicaldiversificationofbarnaclecementproteins AT chiahsuansung histologyandtranscriptomicanalysesofbarnacleswithdifferentbasematerialsandhabitatsshedlightsontheduplicationandchemicaldiversificationofbarnaclecementproteins AT bennykwokkanchan histologyandtranscriptomicanalysesofbarnacleswithdifferentbasematerialsandhabitatsshedlightsontheduplicationandchemicaldiversificationofbarnaclecementproteins
_version_	1718442406511116288

Histology and transcriptomic analyses of barnacles with different base materials and habitats shed lights on the duplication and chemical diversification of barnacle cement proteins

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