Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review

Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various...

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Autores principales:	Jyoti Dhatwalia, Amita Kumari, Rachna Verma, Navneet Upadhyay, Ishita Guleria, Sohan Lal, Shabnam Thakur, Kasahun Gudeta, Vikas Kumar, Jane C.-J. Chao, Somesh Sharma, Ashwani Kumar, Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum, José M. Lorenzo, Ryszard Amarowicz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Carissa</i> phytochemistry bioactive compounds nutraceutical profile pharmacological activity Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/279f604d65294417b989dc92282abd14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:279f604d65294417b989dc92282abd142021-11-25T18:29:10ZPhytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review10.3390/molecules262270101420-3049https://doaj.org/article/279f604d65294417b989dc92282abd142021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7010https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049<i>Carissa</i>, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the <i>Carissa</i> species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on <i>Carissa</i> species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of <i>Carissa</i> species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The <i>Carissa</i> fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from <i>C. spinarum</i>, <i>C. carandas,</i> and <i>C. macrocarpa</i>. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus <i>Carissa</i>. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of <i>Carissa</i> as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs.Jyoti DhatwaliaAmita KumariRachna VermaNavneet UpadhyayIshita GuleriaSohan LalShabnam ThakurKasahun GudetaVikas KumarJane C.-J. ChaoSomesh SharmaAshwani KumarAmanda-Lee Ezra ManicumJosé M. LorenzoRyszard AmarowiczMDPI AGarticle<i>Carissa</i>phytochemistrybioactive compoundsnutraceutical profilepharmacological activityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 7010, p 7010 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Carissa</i> phytochemistry bioactive compounds nutraceutical profile pharmacological activity Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	<i>Carissa</i> phytochemistry bioactive compounds nutraceutical profile pharmacological activity Organic chemistry QD241-441 Jyoti Dhatwalia Amita Kumari Rachna Verma Navneet Upadhyay Ishita Guleria Sohan Lal Shabnam Thakur Kasahun Gudeta Vikas Kumar Jane C.-J. Chao Somesh Sharma Ashwani Kumar Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum José M. Lorenzo Ryszard Amarowicz Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
description	<i>Carissa</i>, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the <i>Carissa</i> species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on <i>Carissa</i> species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of <i>Carissa</i> species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The <i>Carissa</i> fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from <i>C. spinarum</i>, <i>C. carandas,</i> and <i>C. macrocarpa</i>. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus <i>Carissa</i>. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of <i>Carissa</i> as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs.
format	article
author	Jyoti Dhatwalia Amita Kumari Rachna Verma Navneet Upadhyay Ishita Guleria Sohan Lal Shabnam Thakur Kasahun Gudeta Vikas Kumar Jane C.-J. Chao Somesh Sharma Ashwani Kumar Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum José M. Lorenzo Ryszard Amarowicz
author_facet	Jyoti Dhatwalia Amita Kumari Rachna Verma Navneet Upadhyay Ishita Guleria Sohan Lal Shabnam Thakur Kasahun Gudeta Vikas Kumar Jane C.-J. Chao Somesh Sharma Ashwani Kumar Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum José M. Lorenzo Ryszard Amarowicz
author_sort	Jyoti Dhatwalia
title	Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
title_short	Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
title_full	Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
title_fullStr	Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
title_full_unstemmed	Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review
title_sort	phytochemistry, pharmacology, and nutraceutical profile of <i>carissa</i> species: an updated review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/279f604d65294417b989dc92282abd14
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Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of <i>Carissa</i> Species: An Updated Review

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