Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Abstract Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are more frequent among men, but women (especially those aged < 40 years) have experienced steeper growth in their incidence rates in recent years. Hormonal factors were hypothesized to be playing a role in modulating NMSC risk, but the studies published...

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Autores principales:	Saverio Caini, Simone Pietro De Angelis, Federica Corso, Carolina Fantini, Sara Raimondi, Laura Pala, Ignazio Stanganelli, Vincenzo de Giorgi, Sara Gandini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27a6e5f1290d4e75b40ee4ad66170388
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27a6e5f1290d4e75b40ee4ad661703882021-12-02T17:32:58ZExogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis10.1038/s41598-021-88077-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/27a6e5f1290d4e75b40ee4ad661703882021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88077-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are more frequent among men, but women (especially those aged < 40 years) have experienced steeper growth in their incidence rates in recent years. Hormonal factors were hypothesized to be playing a role in modulating NMSC risk, but the studies published to date provided conflicting results. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the studies focusing on the association between hormone-related characteristics (use of exogenous sex hormones, and aspects of menstrual and reproductive history) and the risk of NMSC among women. We included observational and experimental studies published in PubMed and EMBASE until February 2020. We calculated summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by applying random effects models with maximum likelihood estimation, and used the I2 statistics to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of risk estimates across studies. Eleven independent studies encompassing a total of over 30,000 NMSC cases were included in quantitative analyses. No evidence of an increased NMSC risk emerged among ever vs. never users of oral contraceptives (SRR 1.13, 95% CI 0.88–1.45) or hormones for menopause (SRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.87–1.37). Likewise, age at menarche or at menopause and parity were not associated with NMSC risk. Heterogeneity across studies was low, and pooled results were comparable between NMSC subtypes. We found no evidence that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of NMSC among women.Saverio CainiSimone Pietro De AngelisFederica CorsoCarolina FantiniSara RaimondiLaura PalaIgnazio StanganelliVincenzo de GiorgiSara GandiniNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Saverio Caini Simone Pietro De Angelis Federica Corso Carolina Fantini Sara Raimondi Laura Pala Ignazio Stanganelli Vincenzo de Giorgi Sara Gandini Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
description	Abstract Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are more frequent among men, but women (especially those aged < 40 years) have experienced steeper growth in their incidence rates in recent years. Hormonal factors were hypothesized to be playing a role in modulating NMSC risk, but the studies published to date provided conflicting results. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the studies focusing on the association between hormone-related characteristics (use of exogenous sex hormones, and aspects of menstrual and reproductive history) and the risk of NMSC among women. We included observational and experimental studies published in PubMed and EMBASE until February 2020. We calculated summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by applying random effects models with maximum likelihood estimation, and used the I2 statistics to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of risk estimates across studies. Eleven independent studies encompassing a total of over 30,000 NMSC cases were included in quantitative analyses. No evidence of an increased NMSC risk emerged among ever vs. never users of oral contraceptives (SRR 1.13, 95% CI 0.88–1.45) or hormones for menopause (SRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.87–1.37). Likewise, age at menarche or at menopause and parity were not associated with NMSC risk. Heterogeneity across studies was low, and pooled results were comparable between NMSC subtypes. We found no evidence that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of NMSC among women.
format	article
author	Saverio Caini Simone Pietro De Angelis Federica Corso Carolina Fantini Sara Raimondi Laura Pala Ignazio Stanganelli Vincenzo de Giorgi Sara Gandini
author_facet	Saverio Caini Simone Pietro De Angelis Federica Corso Carolina Fantini Sara Raimondi Laura Pala Ignazio Stanganelli Vincenzo de Giorgi Sara Gandini
author_sort	Saverio Caini
title	Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
title_short	Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
title_full	Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr	Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
title_sort	exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/27a6e5f1290d4e75b40ee4ad66170388
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Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

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