Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity

Protein aggregation constitutes a recurring complication in the manufacture and clinical use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and mAb derivatives. Antibody aggregates can reduce production yield, cause immunogenic reactions, decrease the shelf-life of the pharmaceutical product and impair...

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Autores principales:	Esteban Cruz, Vicki Sifniotis, Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar, Mouhamad Reslan, Lorna Wilkinson-White, Stuart Cordwell, Veysel Kayser
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	protein aggregation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies Trastuzumab glycosylation biobetters Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27bac9247a2f4765aa65510509848ca7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27bac9247a2f4765aa65510509848ca72021-11-25T18:40:19ZGlycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity10.3390/pharmaceutics131117471999-4923https://doaj.org/article/27bac9247a2f4765aa65510509848ca72021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1747https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Protein aggregation constitutes a recurring complication in the manufacture and clinical use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and mAb derivatives. Antibody aggregates can reduce production yield, cause immunogenic reactions, decrease the shelf-life of the pharmaceutical product and impair the capacity of the antibody monomer to bind to its cognate antigen. A common strategy to tackle protein aggregation involves the identification of surface-exposed aggregation-prone regions (APR) for replacement through protein engineering. It was shown that the insertion of <i>N</i>-glycosylation sequons on amino acids proximal to an aggregation-prone region can increase the physical stability of the protein by shielding the APR, thus preventing self-association of antibody monomers. We recently implemented this approach in the Fab region of full-size adalimumab and demonstrated that the thermodynamic stability of the Fab domain increases upon <i>N</i>-glycosite addition. Previous experimental data reported for this technique have lacked appropriate confirmation of glycan occupancy and structural characterization of the ensuing glycan profile. Herein, we mutated previously identified candidate positions on the Fab domain of Trastuzumab and employed tandem mass spectrometry to confirm attachment and obtain a detailed <i>N</i>-glycosylation profile of the mutants. The Trastuzumab glycomutants displayed a glycan profile with significantly higher structural heterogeneity compared to the HEK Trastuzumab antibody, which contains a single <i>N</i>-glycosylation site per heavy chain located in the CH2 domain of the Fc region. These findings suggest that Fab <i>N</i>-glycosites have higher accessibility to enzymes responsible for glycan maturation. Further, we have studied effects on additional glycosylation on protein stability via accelerated studies by following protein folding and aggregation propensities and observed that additional glycosylation indeed enhances physical stability and prevent protein aggregation. Our findings shed light into mAb glycobiology and potential implications in the application of this technique for the development of “biobetter” antibodies.Esteban CruzVicki SifniotisZeynep Sumer-BayraktarMouhamad ReslanLorna Wilkinson-WhiteStuart CordwellVeysel KayserMDPI AGarticleprotein aggregationtherapeutic monoclonal antibodiesTrastuzumabglycosylationbiobettersPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1747, p 1747 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	protein aggregation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies Trastuzumab glycosylation biobetters Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	protein aggregation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies Trastuzumab glycosylation biobetters Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Esteban Cruz Vicki Sifniotis Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar Mouhamad Reslan Lorna Wilkinson-White Stuart Cordwell Veysel Kayser Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
description	Protein aggregation constitutes a recurring complication in the manufacture and clinical use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and mAb derivatives. Antibody aggregates can reduce production yield, cause immunogenic reactions, decrease the shelf-life of the pharmaceutical product and impair the capacity of the antibody monomer to bind to its cognate antigen. A common strategy to tackle protein aggregation involves the identification of surface-exposed aggregation-prone regions (APR) for replacement through protein engineering. It was shown that the insertion of <i>N</i>-glycosylation sequons on amino acids proximal to an aggregation-prone region can increase the physical stability of the protein by shielding the APR, thus preventing self-association of antibody monomers. We recently implemented this approach in the Fab region of full-size adalimumab and demonstrated that the thermodynamic stability of the Fab domain increases upon <i>N</i>-glycosite addition. Previous experimental data reported for this technique have lacked appropriate confirmation of glycan occupancy and structural characterization of the ensuing glycan profile. Herein, we mutated previously identified candidate positions on the Fab domain of Trastuzumab and employed tandem mass spectrometry to confirm attachment and obtain a detailed <i>N</i>-glycosylation profile of the mutants. The Trastuzumab glycomutants displayed a glycan profile with significantly higher structural heterogeneity compared to the HEK Trastuzumab antibody, which contains a single <i>N</i>-glycosylation site per heavy chain located in the CH2 domain of the Fc region. These findings suggest that Fab <i>N</i>-glycosites have higher accessibility to enzymes responsible for glycan maturation. Further, we have studied effects on additional glycosylation on protein stability via accelerated studies by following protein folding and aggregation propensities and observed that additional glycosylation indeed enhances physical stability and prevent protein aggregation. Our findings shed light into mAb glycobiology and potential implications in the application of this technique for the development of “biobetter” antibodies.
format	article
author	Esteban Cruz Vicki Sifniotis Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar Mouhamad Reslan Lorna Wilkinson-White Stuart Cordwell Veysel Kayser
author_facet	Esteban Cruz Vicki Sifniotis Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar Mouhamad Reslan Lorna Wilkinson-White Stuart Cordwell Veysel Kayser
author_sort	Esteban Cruz
title	Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
title_short	Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
title_full	Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
title_fullStr	Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
title_full_unstemmed	Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity
title_sort	glycan profile analysis of engineered trastuzumab with rationally added glycosylation sequons presents significantly increased glycan complexity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/27bac9247a2f4765aa65510509848ca7
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_version_	1718410823133560832

Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity

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