A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration

Zehao Wang,1 Aiping Hui,2 Hongbin Zhao,3 Xiaohan Ye,4 Chao Zhang,1 Aiqin Wang2 *,* Changqing Zhang1 ** 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied...

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Autores principales:	Wang Z, Hui A, Zhao H, Ye X, Zhang C, Wang A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	attapulgite 3d-printing porous scaffold bone regeneration nanomaterial bone tissue engineering Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27bff432e2da4979a6683d3a9bb3140b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:27bff432e2da4979a6683d3a9bb3140b
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	attapulgite 3d-printing porous scaffold bone regeneration nanomaterial bone tissue engineering Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	attapulgite 3d-printing porous scaffold bone regeneration nanomaterial bone tissue engineering Medicine (General) R5-920 Wang Z Hui A Zhao H Ye X Zhang C Wang A Zhang C A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
description	Zehao Wang,1 Aiping Hui,2 Hongbin Zhao,3 Xiaohan Ye,4 Chao Zhang,1 Aiqin Wang2 , Changqing Zhang1 ** 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China; 3Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou 213000, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Aiqin WangKey Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 931 4968118Fax +86 931 8277088Email aqwang@licp.cas.cnChangqing ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21 64369181Fax +86 21-64701361Email zhangcq@sjtu.edu.cnBackground: Natural clay nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterial with great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, most notably for osteogenesis.Materials and Methods: Herein, for the first time, novel tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared by 3D bioprinter using nontoxic and bioactive natural attapulgite (ATP) nanorods as starting materials, with polyvinyl alcohol as binder, and then sintered to obtain final scaffolds. The microscopic morphology and structure of ATP particles and scaffolds were observed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. In vitro biocompatibility and osteogenesis with osteogenic precursor cell (hBMSCs) were assayed using MTT method, Live/Dead cell staining, alizarin red staining and RT-PCR. In vivo bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-CT and histology analysis in rat cranium defect model.Results: We successfully printed a novel porous nano-ATP scaffold designed with inner channels with a dimension of 500 μm and wall structures with a thickness of 330 μm. The porosity of current 3D-printed scaffolds ranges from 75% to 82% and the longitudinal compressive strength was up to 4.32± 0.52 MPa. We found firstly that nano-ATP scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility for hBMSCscould upregulate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes bmp2 and runx2 and calcium deposits in vitro. Interestingly, micro-CT and histology analysis revealed abundant newly formed bone was observed along the defect margin, even above and within the 3D bioprinted porous ATP scaffolds in a rat cranial defect model. Furthermore, histology analysis demonstrated that bone was formed directly following a process similar to membranous ossification without any intermediate cartilage formation and that many newly formed blood vessels are within the pores of 3D-printed scaffolds at four and eight weeks.Conclusion: These results suggest that the 3D-printed porous nano-ATP scaffolds are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering by osteogenesis and angiogenesis.Keywords: attapulgite, 3D-printing, porous scaffold, bone regeneration, nanomaterial, bone tissue engineering
format	article
author	Wang Z Hui A Zhao H Ye X Zhang C Wang A Zhang C
author_facet	Wang Z Hui A Zhao H Ye X Zhang C Wang A Zhang C
author_sort	Wang Z
title	A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
title_short	A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
title_full	A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
title_fullStr	A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
title_full_unstemmed	A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration
title_sort	novel 3d-bioprinted porous nano attapulgite scaffolds with good performance for bone regeneration
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/27bff432e2da4979a6683d3a9bb3140b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27bff432e2da4979a6683d3a9bb3140b2021-12-02T08:59:45ZA Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/27bff432e2da4979a6683d3a9bb3140b2020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-novel-3d-bioprinted-porous-nano-attapulgite-scaffolds-with-good-perf-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Zehao Wang,1 Aiping Hui,2 Hongbin Zhao,3 Xiaohan Ye,4 Chao Zhang,1 Aiqin Wang2 , Changqing Zhang1 ** 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China; 3Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou 213000, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Aiqin WangKey Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 931 4968118Fax +86 931 8277088Email aqwang@licp.cas.cnChangqing ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21 64369181Fax +86 21-64701361Email zhangcq@sjtu.edu.cnBackground: Natural clay nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterial with great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, most notably for osteogenesis.Materials and Methods: Herein, for the first time, novel tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared by 3D bioprinter using nontoxic and bioactive natural attapulgite (ATP) nanorods as starting materials, with polyvinyl alcohol as binder, and then sintered to obtain final scaffolds. The microscopic morphology and structure of ATP particles and scaffolds were observed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. In vitro biocompatibility and osteogenesis with osteogenic precursor cell (hBMSCs) were assayed using MTT method, Live/Dead cell staining, alizarin red staining and RT-PCR. In vivo bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-CT and histology analysis in rat cranium defect model.Results: We successfully printed a novel porous nano-ATP scaffold designed with inner channels with a dimension of 500 μm and wall structures with a thickness of 330 μm. The porosity of current 3D-printed scaffolds ranges from 75% to 82% and the longitudinal compressive strength was up to 4.32± 0.52 MPa. We found firstly that nano-ATP scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility for hBMSCscould upregulate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes bmp2 and runx2 and calcium deposits in vitro. Interestingly, micro-CT and histology analysis revealed abundant newly formed bone was observed along the defect margin, even above and within the 3D bioprinted porous ATP scaffolds in a rat cranial defect model. Furthermore, histology analysis demonstrated that bone was formed directly following a process similar to membranous ossification without any intermediate cartilage formation and that many newly formed blood vessels are within the pores of 3D-printed scaffolds at four and eight weeks.Conclusion: These results suggest that the 3D-printed porous nano-ATP scaffolds are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering by osteogenesis and angiogenesis.Keywords: attapulgite, 3D-printing, porous scaffold, bone regeneration, nanomaterial, bone tissue engineeringWang ZHui AZhao HYe XZhang CWang AZhang CDove Medical Pressarticleattapulgite3d-printingporous scaffoldbone regenerationnanomaterialbone tissue engineeringMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 6945-6960 (2020)

A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration

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