A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging

Abstract To assess visibility and artifact characteristics of polymer fiducials compared to standard gold fiducials for radiotherapy CT and MRI simulation. Three gold and three polymer fiducials were inserted into a CT and MRI tissue-equivalent phantom that approximated the prostate cancer radiother...

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Autores principales:	Daryl Lim Joon, Drew Smith, Mark Tacey, Michal Schneider, Benjamin Harris, Wee Loon Ong, Farshad Foroudi, Trish Jenkins, Morikatsu Wada, Michael Chao, Kym Rykers, Vincent Khoo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27d91cb93f6b4b469fcdf7b576263ccb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27d91cb93f6b4b469fcdf7b576263ccb2021-12-02T16:55:53ZA phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging10.1038/s41598-021-88300-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/27d91cb93f6b4b469fcdf7b576263ccb2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88300-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract To assess visibility and artifact characteristics of polymer fiducials compared to standard gold fiducials for radiotherapy CT and MRI simulation. Three gold and three polymer fiducials were inserted into a CT and MRI tissue-equivalent phantom that approximated the prostate cancer radiotherapy configuration. The phantom and fiducials were imaged on CT and MRI. Images were assessed in terms of fiducial visibility and artifact. ImageJ was employed to quantify the pixel gray-scale of each fiducial and artifact. Fiducial gray-scale histograms and profiles were generated for analysis. Objective measurements of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and artifact index (AI) were calculated. The CT images showed that the gold fiducials are visually brighter, with greater contrast than the polymer. The higher peak values illustrate this in the line profiles. However, they produce bright radiating and dark shadowing artifacts. This is depicted by the greater width of line profiles and the disruption of phantom area profiles. Quantitatively this results in greater percentile ranges of the histograms. Furthermore, for CT, gold had a higher CNR than polymer, relative to the phantom. However, the gold CNR and SNR were degraded by the greater artifact and thus AI. Both fiducials were visible on MRI and had similar histograms and profiles that were also reflected in comparable CNR, SNR and AI. Polymer fiducials were well visualized in a phantom on CT and MR and produce less artifact than the gold fiducials. Polymer markers could enhance the quality and accuracy of radiotherapy co-registration and planning but require clinical confirmation.Daryl Lim JoonDrew SmithMark TaceyMichal SchneiderBenjamin HarrisWee Loon OngFarshad ForoudiTrish JenkinsMorikatsu WadaMichael ChaoKym RykersVincent KhooNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daryl Lim Joon Drew Smith Mark Tacey Michal Schneider Benjamin Harris Wee Loon Ong Farshad Foroudi Trish Jenkins Morikatsu Wada Michael Chao Kym Rykers Vincent Khoo A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
description	Abstract To assess visibility and artifact characteristics of polymer fiducials compared to standard gold fiducials for radiotherapy CT and MRI simulation. Three gold and three polymer fiducials were inserted into a CT and MRI tissue-equivalent phantom that approximated the prostate cancer radiotherapy configuration. The phantom and fiducials were imaged on CT and MRI. Images were assessed in terms of fiducial visibility and artifact. ImageJ was employed to quantify the pixel gray-scale of each fiducial and artifact. Fiducial gray-scale histograms and profiles were generated for analysis. Objective measurements of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and artifact index (AI) were calculated. The CT images showed that the gold fiducials are visually brighter, with greater contrast than the polymer. The higher peak values illustrate this in the line profiles. However, they produce bright radiating and dark shadowing artifacts. This is depicted by the greater width of line profiles and the disruption of phantom area profiles. Quantitatively this results in greater percentile ranges of the histograms. Furthermore, for CT, gold had a higher CNR than polymer, relative to the phantom. However, the gold CNR and SNR were degraded by the greater artifact and thus AI. Both fiducials were visible on MRI and had similar histograms and profiles that were also reflected in comparable CNR, SNR and AI. Polymer fiducials were well visualized in a phantom on CT and MR and produce less artifact than the gold fiducials. Polymer markers could enhance the quality and accuracy of radiotherapy co-registration and planning but require clinical confirmation.
format	article
author	Daryl Lim Joon Drew Smith Mark Tacey Michal Schneider Benjamin Harris Wee Loon Ong Farshad Foroudi Trish Jenkins Morikatsu Wada Michael Chao Kym Rykers Vincent Khoo
author_facet	Daryl Lim Joon Drew Smith Mark Tacey Michal Schneider Benjamin Harris Wee Loon Ong Farshad Foroudi Trish Jenkins Morikatsu Wada Michael Chao Kym Rykers Vincent Khoo
author_sort	Daryl Lim Joon
title	A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
title_short	A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
title_full	A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
title_fullStr	A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
title_full_unstemmed	A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
title_sort	phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/27d91cb93f6b4b469fcdf7b576263ccb
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A phantom study to contrast and compare polymer and gold fiducial markers in radiotherapy simulation imaging

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