Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag

The long-term property development of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer (FA–GEO) incorporating industrial solid waste carbide slag (CS) for up to 360 d is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the fresh, physical, and mechanical properties and microstructures of FA–GEO composites...

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Autores principales:	Xianhui Zhao, Haoyu Wang, Linlin Jiang, Lingchao Meng, Boyu Zhou, Jiashuo Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	carbide slag fly-ash-based geopolymer strength porosity shrinkage microstructure Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27eb5824dbe94dac9145c54cefdc8cfe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27eb5824dbe94dac9145c54cefdc8cfe2021-11-11T18:11:43ZLong-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag10.3390/ma142166921996-1944https://doaj.org/article/27eb5824dbe94dac9145c54cefdc8cfe2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6692https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The long-term property development of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer (FA–GEO) incorporating industrial solid waste carbide slag (CS) for up to 360 d is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the fresh, physical, and mechanical properties and microstructures of FA–GEO composites with CS and to evaluate the effects of CS when the composites were cured for 360 d. FA–GEO composites with CS were manufactured using FA (as an aluminosilicate precursor), CS (as a calcium additive), NaOH solution (as an alkali activator), and standard sand (as a fine aggregate). The fresh property and long-term physical properties were measured, including fluidity, bulk density, porosity, and drying shrinkage. The flexural and compressive strengths at 60 d and 360 d were tested. Furthermore, the microstructures and gel products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the additional 20.0% CS reduces the fluidity and increases the conductivity of FA–GEO composites. Bulk densities were decreased, porosities were increased, and drying shrinkages were decreased as the CS content was increased from 0.0% to 20.0% at 360 d. Room temperature is a better curing condition to obtain a higher long-term mechanical strength. The addition of 20.0% CS is more beneficial to the improvement of long-term flexural strength and toughness at room temperature. The gel products in CS–FA–GEO with 20.0% CS are mainly determined as the mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) gel and calcium silicate hydration (C–S–H) gel, besides the surficial pan-alkali. The research results provide an experimental basis for the reuse of CS in various scenarios.Xianhui ZhaoHaoyu WangLinlin JiangLingchao MengBoyu ZhouJiashuo ZhangMDPI AGarticlecarbide slagfly-ash-based geopolymerstrengthporosityshrinkagemicrostructureTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6692, p 6692 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbide slag fly-ash-based geopolymer strength porosity shrinkage microstructure Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	carbide slag fly-ash-based geopolymer strength porosity shrinkage microstructure Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Xianhui Zhao Haoyu Wang Linlin Jiang Lingchao Meng Boyu Zhou Jiashuo Zhang Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
description	The long-term property development of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer (FA–GEO) incorporating industrial solid waste carbide slag (CS) for up to 360 d is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the fresh, physical, and mechanical properties and microstructures of FA–GEO composites with CS and to evaluate the effects of CS when the composites were cured for 360 d. FA–GEO composites with CS were manufactured using FA (as an aluminosilicate precursor), CS (as a calcium additive), NaOH solution (as an alkali activator), and standard sand (as a fine aggregate). The fresh property and long-term physical properties were measured, including fluidity, bulk density, porosity, and drying shrinkage. The flexural and compressive strengths at 60 d and 360 d were tested. Furthermore, the microstructures and gel products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the additional 20.0% CS reduces the fluidity and increases the conductivity of FA–GEO composites. Bulk densities were decreased, porosities were increased, and drying shrinkages were decreased as the CS content was increased from 0.0% to 20.0% at 360 d. Room temperature is a better curing condition to obtain a higher long-term mechanical strength. The addition of 20.0% CS is more beneficial to the improvement of long-term flexural strength and toughness at room temperature. The gel products in CS–FA–GEO with 20.0% CS are mainly determined as the mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) gel and calcium silicate hydration (C–S–H) gel, besides the surficial pan-alkali. The research results provide an experimental basis for the reuse of CS in various scenarios.
format	article
author	Xianhui Zhao Haoyu Wang Linlin Jiang Lingchao Meng Boyu Zhou Jiashuo Zhang
author_facet	Xianhui Zhao Haoyu Wang Linlin Jiang Lingchao Meng Boyu Zhou Jiashuo Zhang
author_sort	Xianhui Zhao
title	Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
title_short	Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
title_full	Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
title_fullStr	Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag
title_sort	long-term physical and mechanical properties and microstructures of fly-ash-based geopolymer composite incorporating carbide slag
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/27eb5824dbe94dac9145c54cefdc8cfe
work_keys_str_mv	AT xianhuizhao longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag AT haoyuwang longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag AT linlinjiang longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag AT lingchaomeng longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag AT boyuzhou longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag AT jiashuozhang longtermphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructuresofflyashbasedgeopolymercompositeincorporatingcarbideslag
_version_	1718431871588630528

Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag

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