The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication

Hajime Haimoto,1 Shiho Watanabe,2 Masashi Komeda,3 Kenji Wakai4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jinsenkai Hospital, Morofuku, Osaka, Japan; 4Depar...

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Autores principales:	Haimoto H, Watanabe S, Komeda M, Wakai K
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	carbohydrate intake type 2 diabetes hemoglobin A1c rice soft drinks low-carbohydrate diet Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/27facb21834342079f5e7adde446080f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:27facb21834342079f5e7adde446080f2021-12-02T07:15:03ZThe impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/27facb21834342079f5e7adde446080f2018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-impact-of-carbohydrate-intake-and-its-sources-on-hemoglobin-a1c-le-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Hajime Haimoto,1 Shiho Watanabe,2 Masashi Komeda,3 Kenji Wakai4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jinsenkai Hospital, Morofuku, Osaka, Japan; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Background: Although postprandial glucose levels largely depend on carbohydrate intake, the impact of carbohydrate and its sources on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels has not been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) probably because, in previous studies, more than 50% of patients were taking anti-diabetic medication, and the researchers used energy percent of carbohydrate as an indicator of carbohydrate intake.Patients and methods: We recruited 125 Japanese men (mean age 58±12 years) and 104 women (mean age 62±10 years) with T2DM who were not taking anti-diabetic medication and dietary therapy. We used 3-day dietary records to assess total carbohydrate intake and its sources, computed Spearman’s correlation coefficients, and conducted multiple regression analyses for associations of carbohydrate sources with HbA1c by sex.Results: Mean HbA1c and total carbohydrate intake were 8.2%±1.9% and 272.0±84.6 g/day in men and 7.6%±1.3% and 226.7±61.5 g/day in women, respectively. We observed positive correlation of total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with HbA1c in men (rs=0.384) and women (rs=0.251), but no correlation for % carbohydrate in either sex. Regarding carbohydrate sources, we found positive correlations of carbohydrate from noodles (rs=0.231) and drinks (rs=0.325), but not from rice, with HbA1c in men. In women, carbohydrate from rice had a positive correlation (rs=0.317), but there were no correlations for carbohydrate from noodles and drinks. The association of total carbohydrate intake (g/day) and carbohydrate from soft drinks with HbA1c in men remained significant even after adjustment for total energy by multiple regression analyses.Conclusion: Our findings warrant interventional studies for moderate low-carbohydrate diets that focus on carbohydrate sources and sex differences in order to efficiently decrease HbA1c in patients with T2DM. Keywords: carbohydrate intake, type 2 diabetes, carbohydrate sources, rice, soft drinks, low-carbohydrate dietHaimoto HWatanabe SKomeda MWakai KDove Medical Pressarticlecarbohydrate intaketype 2 diabeteshemoglobin A1cricesoft drinkslow-carbohydrate dietSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 11, Pp 53-64 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbohydrate intake type 2 diabetes hemoglobin A1c rice soft drinks low-carbohydrate diet Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	carbohydrate intake type 2 diabetes hemoglobin A1c rice soft drinks low-carbohydrate diet Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Haimoto H Watanabe S Komeda M Wakai K The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
description	Hajime Haimoto,1 Shiho Watanabe,2 Masashi Komeda,3 Kenji Wakai4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haimoto Clinic, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan; 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jinsenkai Hospital, Morofuku, Osaka, Japan; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Background: Although postprandial glucose levels largely depend on carbohydrate intake, the impact of carbohydrate and its sources on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels has not been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) probably because, in previous studies, more than 50% of patients were taking anti-diabetic medication, and the researchers used energy percent of carbohydrate as an indicator of carbohydrate intake.Patients and methods: We recruited 125 Japanese men (mean age 58±12 years) and 104 women (mean age 62±10 years) with T2DM who were not taking anti-diabetic medication and dietary therapy. We used 3-day dietary records to assess total carbohydrate intake and its sources, computed Spearman’s correlation coefficients, and conducted multiple regression analyses for associations of carbohydrate sources with HbA1c by sex.Results: Mean HbA1c and total carbohydrate intake were 8.2%±1.9% and 272.0±84.6 g/day in men and 7.6%±1.3% and 226.7±61.5 g/day in women, respectively. We observed positive correlation of total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with HbA1c in men (rs=0.384) and women (rs=0.251), but no correlation for % carbohydrate in either sex. Regarding carbohydrate sources, we found positive correlations of carbohydrate from noodles (rs=0.231) and drinks (rs=0.325), but not from rice, with HbA1c in men. In women, carbohydrate from rice had a positive correlation (rs=0.317), but there were no correlations for carbohydrate from noodles and drinks. The association of total carbohydrate intake (g/day) and carbohydrate from soft drinks with HbA1c in men remained significant even after adjustment for total energy by multiple regression analyses.Conclusion: Our findings warrant interventional studies for moderate low-carbohydrate diets that focus on carbohydrate sources and sex differences in order to efficiently decrease HbA1c in patients with T2DM. Keywords: carbohydrate intake, type 2 diabetes, carbohydrate sources, rice, soft drinks, low-carbohydrate diet
format	article
author	Haimoto H Watanabe S Komeda M Wakai K
author_facet	Haimoto H Watanabe S Komeda M Wakai K
author_sort	Haimoto H
title	The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
title_short	The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
title_full	The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
title_fullStr	The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
title_full_unstemmed	The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
title_sort	impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin a1c levels in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/27facb21834342079f5e7adde446080f
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The impact of carbohydrate intake and its sources on hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes not taking anti-diabetic medication

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