Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials

Manipulating optical signals in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is a highly desired task for applications in chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and subwavelength optical waveguiding. To guide highly confined mid-IR light in photonic chips, graphene-based plasmonics capable of breaking the optical di...

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Autores principales:	Chia-Chien Huang, Ruei-Jan Chang, Ching-Wen Cheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	graphene multilayer mid-infrared photonic plasmonic waveguide metamaterials nano-optics Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/286563dd7aaf42b5ae04d7025c6ddae2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:286563dd7aaf42b5ae04d7025c6ddae2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:286563dd7aaf42b5ae04d7025c6ddae22021-11-25T18:31:23ZUltra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials10.3390/nano111129812079-4991https://doaj.org/article/286563dd7aaf42b5ae04d7025c6ddae22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2981https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Manipulating optical signals in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is a highly desired task for applications in chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and subwavelength optical waveguiding. To guide highly confined mid-IR light in photonic chips, graphene-based plasmonics capable of breaking the optical diffraction limit offer a promising solution. However, the propagation lengths of these materials are, to date, limited to approximately 10 µm at the working frequency <i>f</i> = 20 THz. In this study, we proposed a waveguide structure consisting of multilayer graphene metamaterials (MLGMTs). The MLGMTs support the fundamental volume plasmon polariton mode by coupling plasmon polaritons at individual graphene sheets over a silicon nano-rib structure. Benefiting from the high conductivity of the MLGMTs, the guided mode shows ultralow loss compared with that of conventional graphene-based plasmonic waveguides at comparable mode sizes. The proposed design demonstrated propagation lengths of approximately 20 µm (four times the current limitations) at an extremely tight mode area of 10<sup>−6</sup><i>A</i><sub>0</sub>, where <i>A</i><sub>0</sub> is the diffraction-limited mode area. The dependence of modal characteristics on geometry and material parameters are investigated in detail to identify optimal device performance. Moreover, fabrication imperfections are also addressed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed structure. Moreover, the crosstalk between two adjacent present waveguides is also investigated to demonstrate the high mode confinement to realize high-density on-chip devices. The present design offers a potential waveguiding approach for building tunable and large-area photonic integrated circuits.Chia-Chien HuangRuei-Jan ChangChing-Wen ChengMDPI AGarticlegraphenemultilayermid-infrared photonicplasmonic waveguidemetamaterialsnano-opticsChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2981, p 2981 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	graphene multilayer mid-infrared photonic plasmonic waveguide metamaterials nano-optics Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	graphene multilayer mid-infrared photonic plasmonic waveguide metamaterials nano-optics Chemistry QD1-999 Chia-Chien Huang Ruei-Jan Chang Ching-Wen Cheng Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
description	Manipulating optical signals in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is a highly desired task for applications in chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and subwavelength optical waveguiding. To guide highly confined mid-IR light in photonic chips, graphene-based plasmonics capable of breaking the optical diffraction limit offer a promising solution. However, the propagation lengths of these materials are, to date, limited to approximately 10 µm at the working frequency <i>f</i> = 20 THz. In this study, we proposed a waveguide structure consisting of multilayer graphene metamaterials (MLGMTs). The MLGMTs support the fundamental volume plasmon polariton mode by coupling plasmon polaritons at individual graphene sheets over a silicon nano-rib structure. Benefiting from the high conductivity of the MLGMTs, the guided mode shows ultralow loss compared with that of conventional graphene-based plasmonic waveguides at comparable mode sizes. The proposed design demonstrated propagation lengths of approximately 20 µm (four times the current limitations) at an extremely tight mode area of 10<sup>−6</sup><i>A</i><sub>0</sub>, where <i>A</i><sub>0</sub> is the diffraction-limited mode area. The dependence of modal characteristics on geometry and material parameters are investigated in detail to identify optimal device performance. Moreover, fabrication imperfections are also addressed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed structure. Moreover, the crosstalk between two adjacent present waveguides is also investigated to demonstrate the high mode confinement to realize high-density on-chip devices. The present design offers a potential waveguiding approach for building tunable and large-area photonic integrated circuits.
format	article
author	Chia-Chien Huang Ruei-Jan Chang Ching-Wen Cheng
author_facet	Chia-Chien Huang Ruei-Jan Chang Ching-Wen Cheng
author_sort	Chia-Chien Huang
title	Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
title_short	Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
title_full	Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
title_fullStr	Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
title_full_unstemmed	Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials
title_sort	ultra-low-loss mid-infrared plasmonic waveguides based on multilayer graphene metamaterials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/286563dd7aaf42b5ae04d7025c6ddae2
work_keys_str_mv	AT chiachienhuang ultralowlossmidinfraredplasmonicwaveguidesbasedonmultilayergraphenemetamaterials AT rueijanchang ultralowlossmidinfraredplasmonicwaveguidesbasedonmultilayergraphenemetamaterials AT chingwencheng ultralowlossmidinfraredplasmonicwaveguidesbasedonmultilayergraphenemetamaterials
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Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials

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