Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy

Recent progress in functionalized lanthanide oxide (Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy is reviewed. Among the medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive imaging tool for tu...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad, Huan Yue, Tirusew Tegafaw, Shuwen Liu, Son Long Ho, Gang Ho Lee, Sung-Wook Nam, Yongmin Chang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	imaging agent lanthanide oxide nanoparticle tumor targeting toxicity Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2869febe71a74950ac7f40f4fd8222ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2869febe71a74950ac7f40f4fd8222ed2021-11-25T18:41:32ZFunctionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy10.3390/pharmaceutics131118901999-4923https://doaj.org/article/2869febe71a74950ac7f40f4fd8222ed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1890https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Recent progress in functionalized lanthanide oxide (Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy is reviewed. Among the medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive imaging tool for tumor diagnosis due to its high spatial resolution and excellent imaging contrast, especially when contrast agents are used. However, commercially available low-molecular-weight MRI contrast agents exhibit several shortcomings, such as nonspecificity for the tissue of interest and rapid excretion in vivo. Recently, nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents have become a hot research topic in biomedical imaging due to their high performance, easy surface functionalization, and low toxicity. Among them, functionalized Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are applicable as MRI contrast agents for tumor-targeting and nontumor-targeting imaging and image-guided tumor therapy. Primarily, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as tumor-targeting T<sub>1</sub> MRI contrast agents. T<sub>2</sub> MRI is also possible due to the appreciable paramagnetic moments of Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (Ln = Dy, Ho, and Tb) at room temperature arising from the nonzero orbital motion of 4f electrons. In addition, Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are eligible as X-ray computed tomography contrast agents because of their high X-ray attenuation power. Since nanoparticle toxicity is of great concern, recent toxicity studies on Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are also discussed.Mohammad Yaseen AhmadHuan YueTirusew TegafawShuwen LiuSon Long HoGang Ho LeeSung-Wook NamYongmin ChangMDPI AGarticleimaging agentlanthanide oxide nanoparticletumor targetingtoxicityPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1890, p 1890 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	imaging agent lanthanide oxide nanoparticle tumor targeting toxicity Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	imaging agent lanthanide oxide nanoparticle tumor targeting toxicity Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Huan Yue Tirusew Tegafaw Shuwen Liu Son Long Ho Gang Ho Lee Sung-Wook Nam Yongmin Chang Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
description	Recent progress in functionalized lanthanide oxide (Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy is reviewed. Among the medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive imaging tool for tumor diagnosis due to its high spatial resolution and excellent imaging contrast, especially when contrast agents are used. However, commercially available low-molecular-weight MRI contrast agents exhibit several shortcomings, such as nonspecificity for the tissue of interest and rapid excretion in vivo. Recently, nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents have become a hot research topic in biomedical imaging due to their high performance, easy surface functionalization, and low toxicity. Among them, functionalized Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are applicable as MRI contrast agents for tumor-targeting and nontumor-targeting imaging and image-guided tumor therapy. Primarily, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as tumor-targeting T<sub>1</sub> MRI contrast agents. T<sub>2</sub> MRI is also possible due to the appreciable paramagnetic moments of Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (Ln = Dy, Ho, and Tb) at room temperature arising from the nonzero orbital motion of 4f electrons. In addition, Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are eligible as X-ray computed tomography contrast agents because of their high X-ray attenuation power. Since nanoparticle toxicity is of great concern, recent toxicity studies on Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are also discussed.
format	article
author	Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Huan Yue Tirusew Tegafaw Shuwen Liu Son Long Ho Gang Ho Lee Sung-Wook Nam Yongmin Chang
author_facet	Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Huan Yue Tirusew Tegafaw Shuwen Liu Son Long Ho Gang Ho Lee Sung-Wook Nam Yongmin Chang
author_sort	Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad
title	Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
title_short	Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
title_full	Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
title_fullStr	Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
title_full_unstemmed	Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy
title_sort	functionalized lanthanide oxide nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2869febe71a74950ac7f40f4fd8222ed
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_version_	1718410760060665856

Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy

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