Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.

The agaves are plants of cultural importance which have been used by humans for about 10,000 years and about 40 specific uses. The most culturally and economically important of those uses are for the production of fermented (pulque) and distilled beverages (mescal). Pulque continues to be produced i...

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Autores principales:	Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina, Gonzalo D Álvarez-Ríos, Mario Adolfo García-Montes, Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2875b1a394bd497195b497b619b635f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2875b1a394bd497195b497b619b635f82021-12-02T20:09:19ZMorphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254376https://doaj.org/article/2875b1a394bd497195b497b619b635f82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254376https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The agaves are plants of cultural importance which have been used by humans for about 10,000 years and about 40 specific uses. The most culturally and economically important of those uses are for the production of fermented (pulque) and distilled beverages (mescal). Pulque continues to be produced in nearly all of Mexico, and the agaves used for this purpose have shown domestication syndrome. We carry out an ethnobotanical, morphological, and genetic analysis of the traditional varieties of pulque agave used in the production of aguamiel (agave sap) and pulque in the state of Hidalgo. We did semi-structured interviews, free listings, and tours with 11 agave managers. We analyzed morphology and studied genetic diversity and structure using nuclear microsatellites. We found wild-collected, tolerated, transplanted, and cultivated varieties of agave. This comprised 19 traditional varieties of pulque agave, 12 of them in production during the study, which corresponded to the species Agave americana, A. salmiana y A. mapisaga and five intraspecific entities. The varieties were grouped morphologically according to a management gradient; the wild-collected varieties were the smallest, with more lateral teeth and a larger terminal spine. The cultivated varieties clearly exhibited domestication syndrome, with larger plants and smaller dentition. The expected heterozygosity (He) of the varieties ranged from 0.204 to 0.721. Bayesian clustering suggested the existence of three genetic groups, both at the level of traditional varieties of pulque agaves and for management categories, a result that matches multivariate clustering. Pulque producers in the studied localities maintain high agrobiodiversity. The cultivated varieties exhibit domestication syndrome, as has been reported for other species of the genus with the same selection purposes. Our results support the hypothesis of a decrease in genetic diversity in crops compared to wild-growing agaves, which seems to be due to vegetative propagation, among other factors.Carmen Julia Figueredo-UrbinaGonzalo D Álvarez-RíosMario Adolfo García-MontesPablo Octavio-AguilarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254376 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina Gonzalo D Álvarez-Ríos Mario Adolfo García-Montes Pablo Octavio-Aguilar Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
description	The agaves are plants of cultural importance which have been used by humans for about 10,000 years and about 40 specific uses. The most culturally and economically important of those uses are for the production of fermented (pulque) and distilled beverages (mescal). Pulque continues to be produced in nearly all of Mexico, and the agaves used for this purpose have shown domestication syndrome. We carry out an ethnobotanical, morphological, and genetic analysis of the traditional varieties of pulque agave used in the production of aguamiel (agave sap) and pulque in the state of Hidalgo. We did semi-structured interviews, free listings, and tours with 11 agave managers. We analyzed morphology and studied genetic diversity and structure using nuclear microsatellites. We found wild-collected, tolerated, transplanted, and cultivated varieties of agave. This comprised 19 traditional varieties of pulque agave, 12 of them in production during the study, which corresponded to the species Agave americana, A. salmiana y A. mapisaga and five intraspecific entities. The varieties were grouped morphologically according to a management gradient; the wild-collected varieties were the smallest, with more lateral teeth and a larger terminal spine. The cultivated varieties clearly exhibited domestication syndrome, with larger plants and smaller dentition. The expected heterozygosity (He) of the varieties ranged from 0.204 to 0.721. Bayesian clustering suggested the existence of three genetic groups, both at the level of traditional varieties of pulque agaves and for management categories, a result that matches multivariate clustering. Pulque producers in the studied localities maintain high agrobiodiversity. The cultivated varieties exhibit domestication syndrome, as has been reported for other species of the genus with the same selection purposes. Our results support the hypothesis of a decrease in genetic diversity in crops compared to wild-growing agaves, which seems to be due to vegetative propagation, among other factors.
format	article
author	Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina Gonzalo D Álvarez-Ríos Mario Adolfo García-Montes Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
author_facet	Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina Gonzalo D Álvarez-Ríos Mario Adolfo García-Montes Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
author_sort	Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina
title	Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
title_short	Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
title_full	Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
title_fullStr	Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.
title_sort	morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in hidalgo state, mexico.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2875b1a394bd497195b497b619b635f8
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Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico.

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