Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt

This study investigated seasonal variation, spatial distribution, sources, composition and potential ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Red Sea coastal water. Surface seawater samples were collected at fourteen different locations. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations in...

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Autores principales:	Mohamed El-Naggar, Said Hanafy, Alaa M. Younis, Mahmoud A. Ghandour, Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	persistent organic contaminants PAHs pollution diagnostic ratio ecological risk assessment red sea Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/287ee7e5f2cf4daea0100dfa9be2c7cd
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:287ee7e5f2cf4daea0100dfa9be2c7cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:287ee7e5f2cf4daea0100dfa9be2c7cd2021-11-11T19:35:53ZSeasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt10.3390/su1321119062071-1050https://doaj.org/article/287ee7e5f2cf4daea0100dfa9be2c7cd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11906https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050This study investigated seasonal variation, spatial distribution, sources, composition and potential ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Red Sea coastal water. Surface seawater samples were collected at fourteen different locations. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations in Red Sea showed clear variation between seasons, ranged from 1.08–6.10, 0.79–50.86, 1.37–54.47 and 0.21–7.18 μg/L in summer, autumn, winter, and spring respectively. PAHs levels in Red Sea coastal waters were relatively high at certain sites during autumn and winter seasons. They could be classified as highly polluted by PAHs contaminants (>10 μg/L). According to the diagnostic ratios measured, the majority of PAHs in this study originated from pyrogenic sources, while minor amounts originated from petrogenic sources. Four rings PAHs accounted for more than 64% of the total PAHs studied. PAHs pose a high ecological risk along the period of study, according to the ecological risk assessment by Risk quotients (RQNCs and RQMPCs).Mohamed El-NaggarSaid HanafyAlaa M. YounisMahmoud A. GhandourAbdel-Aziz Y. El-SayedMDPI AGarticlepersistent organic contaminantsPAHs pollutiondiagnostic ratioecological risk assessmentred seaEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11906, p 11906 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	persistent organic contaminants PAHs pollution diagnostic ratio ecological risk assessment red sea Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	persistent organic contaminants PAHs pollution diagnostic ratio ecological risk assessment red sea Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Mohamed El-Naggar Said Hanafy Alaa M. Younis Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
description	This study investigated seasonal variation, spatial distribution, sources, composition and potential ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Red Sea coastal water. Surface seawater samples were collected at fourteen different locations. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations in Red Sea showed clear variation between seasons, ranged from 1.08–6.10, 0.79–50.86, 1.37–54.47 and 0.21–7.18 μg/L in summer, autumn, winter, and spring respectively. PAHs levels in Red Sea coastal waters were relatively high at certain sites during autumn and winter seasons. They could be classified as highly polluted by PAHs contaminants (>10 μg/L). According to the diagnostic ratios measured, the majority of PAHs in this study originated from pyrogenic sources, while minor amounts originated from petrogenic sources. Four rings PAHs accounted for more than 64% of the total PAHs studied. PAHs pose a high ecological risk along the period of study, according to the ecological risk assessment by Risk quotients (RQNCs and RQMPCs).
format	article
author	Mohamed El-Naggar Said Hanafy Alaa M. Younis Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed
author_facet	Mohamed El-Naggar Said Hanafy Alaa M. Younis Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed
author_sort	Mohamed El-Naggar
title	Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
title_short	Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
title_full	Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
title_fullStr	Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt
title_sort	seasonal and temporal influence on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the red sea coastal water, egypt
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/287ee7e5f2cf4daea0100dfa9be2c7cd
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Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt

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