Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management

Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the complications most likely to lead to death in patients with acute ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke is diagnosed when certain areas of cerebral infarction appear as cerebral hemorrhage on radiological images. Its mechanisms are...

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Autores principales:	Ji Man Hong, Da Sol Kim, Min Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	cerebral hemorrhage stroke acute hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk factors reperfusion Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2894de5ff6ab4afb88d0fcc726dbf4fa
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:2894de5ff6ab4afb88d0fcc726dbf4fa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2894de5ff6ab4afb88d0fcc726dbf4fa2021-12-01T16:31:44ZHemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management1664-229510.3389/fneur.2021.703258https://doaj.org/article/2894de5ff6ab4afb88d0fcc726dbf4fa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.703258/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the complications most likely to lead to death in patients with acute ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke is diagnosed when certain areas of cerebral infarction appear as cerebral hemorrhage on radiological images. Its mechanisms are usually explained by disruption of the blood-brain barrier and reperfusion injury that causes leakage of peripheral blood cells. In ischemic infarction, HT may be a natural progression of acute ischemic stroke and can be facilitated or enhanced by reperfusion therapy. Therefore, to balance risks and benefits, HT occurrence in acute stroke settings is an important factor to be considered by physicians to determine whether recanalization therapy should be performed. This review aims to illustrate the pathophysiological mechanisms of HT, outline most HT-related factors after reperfusion therapy, and describe prevention strategies for the occurrence and enlargement of HT, such as blood pressure control. Finally, we propose a promising therapeutic approach based on biological research studies that would help clinicians treat such catastrophic complications.Ji Man HongJi Man HongDa Sol KimMin KimFrontiers Media S.A.articlecerebral hemorrhagestrokeacutehemorrhagic transformation (HT)risk factorsreperfusionNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENFrontiers in Neurology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cerebral hemorrhage stroke acute hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk factors reperfusion Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	cerebral hemorrhage stroke acute hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk factors reperfusion Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Ji Man Hong Ji Man Hong Da Sol Kim Min Kim Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
description	Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the complications most likely to lead to death in patients with acute ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke is diagnosed when certain areas of cerebral infarction appear as cerebral hemorrhage on radiological images. Its mechanisms are usually explained by disruption of the blood-brain barrier and reperfusion injury that causes leakage of peripheral blood cells. In ischemic infarction, HT may be a natural progression of acute ischemic stroke and can be facilitated or enhanced by reperfusion therapy. Therefore, to balance risks and benefits, HT occurrence in acute stroke settings is an important factor to be considered by physicians to determine whether recanalization therapy should be performed. This review aims to illustrate the pathophysiological mechanisms of HT, outline most HT-related factors after reperfusion therapy, and describe prevention strategies for the occurrence and enlargement of HT, such as blood pressure control. Finally, we propose a promising therapeutic approach based on biological research studies that would help clinicians treat such catastrophic complications.
format	article
author	Ji Man Hong Ji Man Hong Da Sol Kim Min Kim
author_facet	Ji Man Hong Ji Man Hong Da Sol Kim Min Kim
author_sort	Ji Man Hong
title	Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
title_short	Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
title_full	Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
title_fullStr	Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
title_full_unstemmed	Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management
title_sort	hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and management
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2894de5ff6ab4afb88d0fcc726dbf4fa
work_keys_str_mv	AT jimanhong hemorrhagictransformationafterischemicstrokemechanismsandmanagement AT jimanhong hemorrhagictransformationafterischemicstrokemechanismsandmanagement AT dasolkim hemorrhagictransformationafterischemicstrokemechanismsandmanagement AT minkim hemorrhagictransformationafterischemicstrokemechanismsandmanagement
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Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management

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