Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge

2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a toxic compound increasingly used by the military that can be released into the environment on the soil of training fields and in the wastewater of manufacturing plants. DNAN's nitro groups are anaerobically reduced to amino groups by microorganisms when electron d...

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Autores principales:	Natanna Melo, Osmar Menezes, Matheus Paraiso, Lourdinha Florêncio, Mário T. Kato, Sávia Gavazza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	aromatic amine bioremediation biotransformation electron donor emerging high explosive nitroaromatic Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28aa6254083a43cba3ee0f88e1e40047
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28aa6254083a43cba3ee0f88e1e400472021-11-06T11:07:34ZSelecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.160https://doaj.org/article/28aa6254083a43cba3ee0f88e1e400472021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/83/11/2691https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-97322,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a toxic compound increasingly used by the military that can be released into the environment on the soil of training fields and in the wastewater of manufacturing plants. DNAN's nitro groups are anaerobically reduced to amino groups by microorganisms when electron donors are available. Using anaerobic sludge as the inoculum, we tested different electron donors for DNAN bioreduction at 20 and 30 °C: acetate, ethanol, pyruvate, hydrogen, and hydrogen + pyruvate. Biotic controls without external electron donors and abiotic controls with heat-killed sludge were also assayed. No DNAN conversion was observed in the abiotic controls. In all biotic treatments, DNAN was reduced to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA), which was further reduced to 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). Ethanol or acetate did not increase DNAN reduction rate compared to the endogenous control. The electron donors that caused the fastest DNAN reductions were (rates at 30 °C): H2 and pyruvate combined (311.28 ± 10.02 μM·d−1·gSSV−1), followed by H2 only (207.19 ± 5.95 μM·d−1·gSSV−1), and pyruvate only (36.35 ± 2.95 μM·d−1·gSSV−1). Raising the temperature to 30 °C improved DNAN reduction rates when pyruvate, H2, or H2 + pyruvate were used as electrons donors. Our results can be applied to optimize the anaerobic treatment of DNAN-containing wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS DNAN reduction was utterly dependent on sludge's biological activity.; Ethanol and acetate were ineffective electron donors compared to the endogenous condition.; The best electron donors were H2 combined with pyruvate, followed by H2 only and pyruvate only.; Increasing the temperature from 20 to 30 °C was a major game-changer when H2, pyruvate, or H2 + pyruvate were used as electron donors.;Natanna MeloOsmar MenezesMatheus ParaisoLourdinha FlorêncioMário T. KatoSávia GavazzaIWA Publishingarticlearomatic aminebioremediationbiotransformationelectron donoremerging high explosivenitroaromaticEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 83, Iss 11, Pp 2691-2699 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aromatic amine bioremediation biotransformation electron donor emerging high explosive nitroaromatic Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	aromatic amine bioremediation biotransformation electron donor emerging high explosive nitroaromatic Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Natanna Melo Osmar Menezes Matheus Paraiso Lourdinha Florêncio Mário T. Kato Sávia Gavazza Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
description	2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a toxic compound increasingly used by the military that can be released into the environment on the soil of training fields and in the wastewater of manufacturing plants. DNAN's nitro groups are anaerobically reduced to amino groups by microorganisms when electron donors are available. Using anaerobic sludge as the inoculum, we tested different electron donors for DNAN bioreduction at 20 and 30 °C: acetate, ethanol, pyruvate, hydrogen, and hydrogen + pyruvate. Biotic controls without external electron donors and abiotic controls with heat-killed sludge were also assayed. No DNAN conversion was observed in the abiotic controls. In all biotic treatments, DNAN was reduced to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA), which was further reduced to 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). Ethanol or acetate did not increase DNAN reduction rate compared to the endogenous control. The electron donors that caused the fastest DNAN reductions were (rates at 30 °C): H2 and pyruvate combined (311.28 ± 10.02 μM·d−1·gSSV−1), followed by H2 only (207.19 ± 5.95 μM·d−1·gSSV−1), and pyruvate only (36.35 ± 2.95 μM·d−1·gSSV−1). Raising the temperature to 30 °C improved DNAN reduction rates when pyruvate, H2, or H2 + pyruvate were used as electrons donors. Our results can be applied to optimize the anaerobic treatment of DNAN-containing wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS DNAN reduction was utterly dependent on sludge's biological activity.; Ethanol and acetate were ineffective electron donors compared to the endogenous condition.; The best electron donors were H2 combined with pyruvate, followed by H2 only and pyruvate only.; Increasing the temperature from 20 to 30 °C was a major game-changer when H2, pyruvate, or H2 + pyruvate were used as electron donors.;
format	article
author	Natanna Melo Osmar Menezes Matheus Paraiso Lourdinha Florêncio Mário T. Kato Sávia Gavazza
author_facet	Natanna Melo Osmar Menezes Matheus Paraiso Lourdinha Florêncio Mário T. Kato Sávia Gavazza
author_sort	Natanna Melo
title	Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
title_short	Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
title_full	Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
title_fullStr	Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
title_full_unstemmed	Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge
title_sort	selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (dnan) by anaerobic sludge
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/28aa6254083a43cba3ee0f88e1e40047
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Selecting the best electron donor and operational temperature for the rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by anaerobic sludge

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