Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma

Background: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) belongs to a family of matricellular proteins; it was involved in embryo development, endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, integrin–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Previous studies showe...

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Autores principales:	Jing Wang, Shu Xia, Jing Zhao, Chen Gong, Qingsong Xi, Wei Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	SMOC1 low-grade glioma prognostic value biological function tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28acd582f40f4b478e8142c8514b076e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28acd582f40f4b478e8142c8514b076e2021-11-19T05:42:46ZPrognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma2296-889X10.3389/fmolb.2021.666623https://doaj.org/article/28acd582f40f4b478e8142c8514b076e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.666623/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-889XBackground: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) belongs to a family of matricellular proteins; it was involved in embryo development, endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, integrin–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Previous studies showed that the expression of SMOC1 was increased in some tumors. However, the prognostic value and the biological function of SMOC1 in tumor remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we explored the expression profile and prognostic value of SMOC1 in pan-cancers, especially glioma, via multiple databases, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive 2, PrognoScan, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Furthermore, LinkedOmics was used to identify the genes coexpressed with SMOC1 and to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology analysis in low-grade glioma (LGG). Also, the Cancer Single-Cell State Atlas database was used to evaluate the correlation between SMOC1 expression and functional state activities in glioma cells. In addition, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the correlations between SMOC1 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Results: Compared with normal brain tissues, the expression of SMOC1 was increased in LGG tissues. The higher expression of SMOC1 was significantly correlated with better survival of LGG patients. Additionally, functional analyses showed that the SMOC1 coexpressed genes were inhibited in processes such as response to type I interferon and interferon-gamma, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, leukocyte migration, adaptive immune response, neutrophil-mediated immunity, T cell activation, and pathways including EMC–receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in LGG. Moreover, the expression of SMOC1 was correlated with stemness, hypoxia, EMT, and metastasis of glioma cells. Additionally, the expression of SMOC1 expression was negatively correlated with levels of infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and gene markers of most immune cells in LGG.Conclusion: Our results suggest that SMOC1 could be a potential biomarker to determine prognosis and might play a specific role in the tumor microenvironment of glioma, thereby influencing the development and progression of glioma. These findings provide some new insights for further investigation.Jing WangShu XiaJing ZhaoChen GongQingsong XiWei SunFrontiers Media S.A.articleSMOC1low-grade gliomaprognostic valuebiological functiontumor microenvironmentBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SMOC1 low-grade glioma prognostic value biological function tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	SMOC1 low-grade glioma prognostic value biological function tumor microenvironment Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jing Wang Shu Xia Jing Zhao Chen Gong Qingsong Xi Wei Sun Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
description	Background: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) belongs to a family of matricellular proteins; it was involved in embryo development, endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, integrin–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Previous studies showed that the expression of SMOC1 was increased in some tumors. However, the prognostic value and the biological function of SMOC1 in tumor remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we explored the expression profile and prognostic value of SMOC1 in pan-cancers, especially glioma, via multiple databases, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive 2, PrognoScan, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Furthermore, LinkedOmics was used to identify the genes coexpressed with SMOC1 and to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology analysis in low-grade glioma (LGG). Also, the Cancer Single-Cell State Atlas database was used to evaluate the correlation between SMOC1 expression and functional state activities in glioma cells. In addition, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the correlations between SMOC1 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Results: Compared with normal brain tissues, the expression of SMOC1 was increased in LGG tissues. The higher expression of SMOC1 was significantly correlated with better survival of LGG patients. Additionally, functional analyses showed that the SMOC1 coexpressed genes were inhibited in processes such as response to type I interferon and interferon-gamma, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, leukocyte migration, adaptive immune response, neutrophil-mediated immunity, T cell activation, and pathways including EMC–receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in LGG. Moreover, the expression of SMOC1 was correlated with stemness, hypoxia, EMT, and metastasis of glioma cells. Additionally, the expression of SMOC1 expression was negatively correlated with levels of infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and gene markers of most immune cells in LGG.Conclusion: Our results suggest that SMOC1 could be a potential biomarker to determine prognosis and might play a specific role in the tumor microenvironment of glioma, thereby influencing the development and progression of glioma. These findings provide some new insights for further investigation.
format	article
author	Jing Wang Shu Xia Jing Zhao Chen Gong Qingsong Xi Wei Sun
author_facet	Jing Wang Shu Xia Jing Zhao Chen Gong Qingsong Xi Wei Sun
author_sort	Jing Wang
title	Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
title_short	Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
title_full	Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
title_fullStr	Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
title_full_unstemmed	Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma
title_sort	prognostic potential of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 in low-grade glioma
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/28acd582f40f4b478e8142c8514b076e
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Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma

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