The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)

The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)

Christopher T Leffler,1 Stephen G Schwartz,2 Tamer M Hadi,3 Ali Salman,1 Vivek Vasuki1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Naples, FL, USA; 3Graduate School of Medicine, Univ...

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Autores principales: Leffler CT, Schwartz SG, Hadi TM, Salman A, Vasuki V
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2015
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Ophthalmology
RE1-994
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/28af92ee0ae942f29a1b541d821a6a4d
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:28af92ee0ae942f29a1b541d821a6a4d2021-12-02T07:16:17ZThe early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/28af92ee0ae942f29a1b541d821a6a4d2015-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/the-early-history-of-glaucoma-the-glaucous-eyenbsp800-bc-to-1050-ad-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483 Christopher T Leffler,1 Stephen G Schwartz,2 Tamer M Hadi,3 Ali Salman,1 Vivek Vasuki1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Naples, FL, USA; 3Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, TN, USA Abstract: To the ancient Greeks, glaukos occasionally described diseased eyes, but more typically described healthy irides, which were glaucous (light blue, gray, or green). During the Hippocratic period, a pathologic glaukos pupil indicated a media opacity that was not dark. Although not emphasized by present-day ophthalmologists, the pupil in acute angle closure may appear somewhat green, as the mid-dilated pupil exposes the cataractous lens. The ancient Greeks would probably have described a (normal) green iris or (diseased) green pupil as glaukos. During the early Common Era, eye pain, a glaucous hue, pupil irregularities, and absence of light perception indicated a poor prognosis with couching. Galen associated the glaucous hue with a large, anterior, or hard crystalline lens. Medieval Arabic authors translated glaukos as zarqaa, which also commonly described light irides. Ibn Sina (otherwise known as Avicenna) wrote that the zarqaa hue could occur due to anterior prominence of the lens and could occur in an acquired manner. The disease defined by the glaucous pupil in antiquity is ultimately indeterminate, as the complete syndrome of acute angle closure was not described. Nonetheless, it is intriguing that the glaucous pupil connoted a poor prognosis, and came to be associated with a large, anterior, or hard crystalline lens. Keywords: glaucoma, history of ophthalmology, couchingLeffler CTSchwartz SGHadi TMSalman AVasuki VDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 207-215 (2015)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Ophthalmology
RE1-994
spellingShingle Ophthalmology
RE1-994
Leffler CT
Schwartz SG
Hadi TM
Salman A
Vasuki V
The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
description Christopher T Leffler,1 Stephen G Schwartz,2 Tamer M Hadi,3 Ali Salman,1 Vivek Vasuki1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Naples, FL, USA; 3Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, TN, USA Abstract: To the ancient Greeks, glaukos occasionally described diseased eyes, but more typically described healthy irides, which were glaucous (light blue, gray, or green). During the Hippocratic period, a pathologic glaukos pupil indicated a media opacity that was not dark. Although not emphasized by present-day ophthalmologists, the pupil in acute angle closure may appear somewhat green, as the mid-dilated pupil exposes the cataractous lens. The ancient Greeks would probably have described a (normal) green iris or (diseased) green pupil as glaukos. During the early Common Era, eye pain, a glaucous hue, pupil irregularities, and absence of light perception indicated a poor prognosis with couching. Galen associated the glaucous hue with a large, anterior, or hard crystalline lens. Medieval Arabic authors translated glaukos as zarqaa, which also commonly described light irides. Ibn Sina (otherwise known as Avicenna) wrote that the zarqaa hue could occur due to anterior prominence of the lens and could occur in an acquired manner. The disease defined by the glaucous pupil in antiquity is ultimately indeterminate, as the complete syndrome of acute angle closure was not described. Nonetheless, it is intriguing that the glaucous pupil connoted a poor prognosis, and came to be associated with a large, anterior, or hard crystalline lens. Keywords: glaucoma, history of ophthalmology, couching
format article
author Leffler CT
Schwartz SG
Hadi TM
Salman A
Vasuki V
author_facet Leffler CT
Schwartz SG
Hadi TM
Salman A
Vasuki V
author_sort Leffler CT
title The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
title_short The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
title_full The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
title_fullStr The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
title_full_unstemmed The early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 BC to 1050 AD)
title_sort early history of glaucoma: the glaucous eye (800 bc to 1050 ad)
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2015
url https://doaj.org/article/28af92ee0ae942f29a1b541d821a6a4d
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