Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition
<i>Theobroma cacao</i> is affected by viruses on every continent where the crop is cultivated, with the most well-known ones belonging to the <i>Badnavirus</i> genus. One of these, cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), is present in the Americas, and is transmitted by several spec...
Guardado en:
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | article |
Lenguaje: | EN |
Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/28b27656ade049f0ba507041b9bea019 |
Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
id |
oai:doaj.org-article:28b27656ade049f0ba507041b9bea019 |
---|---|
record_format |
dspace |
spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:28b27656ade049f0ba507041b9bea0192021-11-25T17:59:23ZMealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition10.3390/insects121109942075-4450https://doaj.org/article/28b27656ade049f0ba507041b9bea0192021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/994https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450<i>Theobroma cacao</i> is affected by viruses on every continent where the crop is cultivated, with the most well-known ones belonging to the <i>Badnavirus</i> genus. One of these, cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), is present in the Americas, and is transmitted by several species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs). To determine which species are associated with virus-affected cacao plants in North America, and to assess their potential as vectors, mealybugs (<i>n</i> = 166) were collected from infected trees in Florida, and identified using COI, ITS2, and 28S markers. The species present were <i>Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi</i> (38%; <i>n</i> = 63), <i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i> (34.3%; <i>n</i> = 57), <i>Pseudococcus comstocki</i> (15.7%; <i>n</i> = 26), and <i>Ferrisia virgata</i> (12%; <i>n</i> = 20). Virus acquisition was assessed by testing mealybug DNA (0.8 ng) using a nested PCR that amplified a 500 bp fragment of the movement protein–coat protein region of CaMMV. Virus sequences were obtained from 34.6 to 43.1% of the insects tested; however, acquisition did not differ among species, X<sup>2</sup> (3, <i>N</i> = 166) = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.91. This study identified two new mealybug species, <i>P. jackbeardsleyi</i> and <i>M. hirsutus</i>, as potential vectors of CaMMV. This information is essential for understanding the infection cycle of CaMMV and developing effective management strategies.Alina S. PuigSarah WurzelStephanie SuarezJean-Philippe MarelliJerome NiogretMDPI AGarticleDNA barcodingmolecular markers<i>Pseudococcus</i><i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i>mealybugcacaoScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 994, p 994 (2021) |
institution |
DOAJ |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
EN |
topic |
DNA barcoding molecular markers <i>Pseudococcus</i> <i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i> mealybug cacao Science Q |
spellingShingle |
DNA barcoding molecular markers <i>Pseudococcus</i> <i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i> mealybug cacao Science Q Alina S. Puig Sarah Wurzel Stephanie Suarez Jean-Philippe Marelli Jerome Niogret Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
description |
<i>Theobroma cacao</i> is affected by viruses on every continent where the crop is cultivated, with the most well-known ones belonging to the <i>Badnavirus</i> genus. One of these, cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), is present in the Americas, and is transmitted by several species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs). To determine which species are associated with virus-affected cacao plants in North America, and to assess their potential as vectors, mealybugs (<i>n</i> = 166) were collected from infected trees in Florida, and identified using COI, ITS2, and 28S markers. The species present were <i>Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi</i> (38%; <i>n</i> = 63), <i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i> (34.3%; <i>n</i> = 57), <i>Pseudococcus comstocki</i> (15.7%; <i>n</i> = 26), and <i>Ferrisia virgata</i> (12%; <i>n</i> = 20). Virus acquisition was assessed by testing mealybug DNA (0.8 ng) using a nested PCR that amplified a 500 bp fragment of the movement protein–coat protein region of CaMMV. Virus sequences were obtained from 34.6 to 43.1% of the insects tested; however, acquisition did not differ among species, X<sup>2</sup> (3, <i>N</i> = 166) = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.91. This study identified two new mealybug species, <i>P. jackbeardsleyi</i> and <i>M. hirsutus</i>, as potential vectors of CaMMV. This information is essential for understanding the infection cycle of CaMMV and developing effective management strategies. |
format |
article |
author |
Alina S. Puig Sarah Wurzel Stephanie Suarez Jean-Philippe Marelli Jerome Niogret |
author_facet |
Alina S. Puig Sarah Wurzel Stephanie Suarez Jean-Philippe Marelli Jerome Niogret |
author_sort |
Alina S. Puig |
title |
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
title_short |
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
title_full |
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
title_fullStr |
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition |
title_sort |
mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) species associated with cacao mild mosaic virus and evidence of virus acquisition |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/28b27656ade049f0ba507041b9bea019 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT alinaspuig mealybughemipterapseudococcidaespeciesassociatedwithcacaomildmosaicvirusandevidenceofvirusacquisition AT sarahwurzel mealybughemipterapseudococcidaespeciesassociatedwithcacaomildmosaicvirusandevidenceofvirusacquisition AT stephaniesuarez mealybughemipterapseudococcidaespeciesassociatedwithcacaomildmosaicvirusandevidenceofvirusacquisition AT jeanphilippemarelli mealybughemipterapseudococcidaespeciesassociatedwithcacaomildmosaicvirusandevidenceofvirusacquisition AT jeromeniogret mealybughemipterapseudococcidaespeciesassociatedwithcacaomildmosaicvirusandevidenceofvirusacquisition |
_version_ |
1718411730696011776 |