Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults

Separately, both physical activity and virtual reality can attenuate pain sensitivity in healthy adults. What is unknown is whether virtual reality combined with physical activity (active virtual reality) could have a greater hypoalgesic effect compared to non-active virtual reality distraction (pas...

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Autores principales:	Eric Evans, Keith E. Naugle, Alex Ovispo, Anthony S. Kaleth, Brent Arnold, Kelly M. Naugle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	virtual reality active gaming physical activity pressure pain thresholds pain sensitivity Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28d20ce0a2864fa3a7dc36b1531c475d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28d20ce0a2864fa3a7dc36b1531c475d2021-11-22T07:16:15ZActive Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults2673-419210.3389/frvir.2021.772293https://doaj.org/article/28d20ce0a2864fa3a7dc36b1531c475d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2021.772293/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-4192Separately, both physical activity and virtual reality can attenuate pain sensitivity in healthy adults. What is unknown is whether virtual reality combined with physical activity (active virtual reality) could have a greater hypoalgesic effect compared to non-active virtual reality distraction (passive virtual reality engagement).Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether playing physically active virtual reality games exert a greater hypoalgesic effect than a non-active virtual reality game.Methods: Participants (n = 36) played three different active virtual reality games (Beat Saber, Holopoint, and Hot Squat) and one non-active virtual reality game (Relax Walk) for 15 min on four different visits. During gameplay, participants wore accelerometers on the thigh, wrist, and waist to measure movement intensity and quantity. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the forearm and thigh immediately prior to gameplay (pretest) and immediately following each gaming bout (posttest).Results: Analysis of the accelerometer data indicated that Hot Squat elicited greater whole-body and lower body moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to the other games. The ANOVA revealed an overall hypoalgesic effect of the virtual reality games on the forearm, regardless of game type. Results also showed a significant hypoalgesic effect on the thigh following gameplay for Hot Squat, Holopoint, and Relax Walk VR. The magnitude of pain reduction was significantly greater during Hot Squat compared to the other games.Conclusion: Virtual reality gameplay exerted a hypoalgesic effect on experimental pressure pain. Additionally, the data provided evidence of a potential enhanced hypoalgesic effect of physically active virtual reality compared to non-active VR on pressure pain sensitivity.Eric EvansKeith E. NaugleAlex OvispoAnthony S. KalethBrent ArnoldKelly M. NaugleFrontiers Media S.A.articlevirtual realityactive gamingphysical activitypressure pain thresholdspain sensitivityElectronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95ENFrontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	virtual reality active gaming physical activity pressure pain thresholds pain sensitivity Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
spellingShingle	virtual reality active gaming physical activity pressure pain thresholds pain sensitivity Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Eric Evans Keith E. Naugle Alex Ovispo Anthony S. Kaleth Brent Arnold Kelly M. Naugle Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
description	Separately, both physical activity and virtual reality can attenuate pain sensitivity in healthy adults. What is unknown is whether virtual reality combined with physical activity (active virtual reality) could have a greater hypoalgesic effect compared to non-active virtual reality distraction (passive virtual reality engagement).Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether playing physically active virtual reality games exert a greater hypoalgesic effect than a non-active virtual reality game.Methods: Participants (n = 36) played three different active virtual reality games (Beat Saber, Holopoint, and Hot Squat) and one non-active virtual reality game (Relax Walk) for 15 min on four different visits. During gameplay, participants wore accelerometers on the thigh, wrist, and waist to measure movement intensity and quantity. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the forearm and thigh immediately prior to gameplay (pretest) and immediately following each gaming bout (posttest).Results: Analysis of the accelerometer data indicated that Hot Squat elicited greater whole-body and lower body moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to the other games. The ANOVA revealed an overall hypoalgesic effect of the virtual reality games on the forearm, regardless of game type. Results also showed a significant hypoalgesic effect on the thigh following gameplay for Hot Squat, Holopoint, and Relax Walk VR. The magnitude of pain reduction was significantly greater during Hot Squat compared to the other games.Conclusion: Virtual reality gameplay exerted a hypoalgesic effect on experimental pressure pain. Additionally, the data provided evidence of a potential enhanced hypoalgesic effect of physically active virtual reality compared to non-active VR on pressure pain sensitivity.
format	article
author	Eric Evans Keith E. Naugle Alex Ovispo Anthony S. Kaleth Brent Arnold Kelly M. Naugle
author_facet	Eric Evans Keith E. Naugle Alex Ovispo Anthony S. Kaleth Brent Arnold Kelly M. Naugle
author_sort	Eric Evans
title	Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
title_short	Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
title_full	Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
title_fullStr	Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
title_sort	active virtual reality games reduce pain sensitivity in young, healthy adults
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/28d20ce0a2864fa3a7dc36b1531c475d
work_keys_str_mv	AT ericevans activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults AT keithenaugle activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults AT alexovispo activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults AT anthonyskaleth activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults AT brentarnold activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults AT kellymnaugle activevirtualrealitygamesreducepainsensitivityinyounghealthyadults
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Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults

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