Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence

Abstract Understanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators...

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Autores principales:	Dawn R. Barlow, Holger Klinck, Dimitri Ponirakis, Christina Garvey, Leigh G. Torres
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28de32c885334b5cbeb22b2f51f0d962
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28de32c885334b5cbeb22b2f51f0d9622021-12-02T11:45:00ZTemporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/28de32c885334b5cbeb22b2f51f0d9622021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86403-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Understanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators. Lags were examined between wind at an upwelling source, decreased temperatures along the upwelling plume’s trajectory, and blue whale occurrence in New Zealand’s South Taranaki Bight region (STB). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) were extracted for austral spring–summer months between 2009 and 2019. A hydrophone recorded blue whale vocalizations October 2016-March 2017. Timeseries cross-correlation analyses were conducted between wind speed, SST at different locations along the upwelling plume, and blue whale downswept vocalizations (D calls). Results document increasing lag times (0–2 weeks) between wind speed and SST consistent with the spatial progression of upwelling, culminating with increased D call density at the distal end of the plume three weeks after increased wind speeds at the upwelling source. Lag between wind events and blue whale aggregations (n = 34 aggregations 2013–2019) was 2.09 ± 0.43 weeks. Variation in lag was significantly related to the amount of wind over the preceding 30 days, which likely influences stratification. This study enhances knowledge of physical-biological coupling in upwelling ecosystems and enables improved forecasting of species distribution patterns for dynamic management.Dawn R. BarlowHolger KlinckDimitri PonirakisChristina GarveyLeigh G. TorresNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dawn R. Barlow Holger Klinck Dimitri Ponirakis Christina Garvey Leigh G. Torres Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
description	Abstract Understanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators. Lags were examined between wind at an upwelling source, decreased temperatures along the upwelling plume’s trajectory, and blue whale occurrence in New Zealand’s South Taranaki Bight region (STB). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) were extracted for austral spring–summer months between 2009 and 2019. A hydrophone recorded blue whale vocalizations October 2016-March 2017. Timeseries cross-correlation analyses were conducted between wind speed, SST at different locations along the upwelling plume, and blue whale downswept vocalizations (D calls). Results document increasing lag times (0–2 weeks) between wind speed and SST consistent with the spatial progression of upwelling, culminating with increased D call density at the distal end of the plume three weeks after increased wind speeds at the upwelling source. Lag between wind events and blue whale aggregations (n = 34 aggregations 2013–2019) was 2.09 ± 0.43 weeks. Variation in lag was significantly related to the amount of wind over the preceding 30 days, which likely influences stratification. This study enhances knowledge of physical-biological coupling in upwelling ecosystems and enables improved forecasting of species distribution patterns for dynamic management.
format	article
author	Dawn R. Barlow Holger Klinck Dimitri Ponirakis Christina Garvey Leigh G. Torres
author_facet	Dawn R. Barlow Holger Klinck Dimitri Ponirakis Christina Garvey Leigh G. Torres
author_sort	Dawn R. Barlow
title	Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
title_short	Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
title_full	Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
title_fullStr	Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
title_full_unstemmed	Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
title_sort	temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/28de32c885334b5cbeb22b2f51f0d962
work_keys_str_mv	AT dawnrbarlow temporalandspatiallagsbetweenwindcoastalupwellingandbluewhaleoccurrence AT holgerklinck temporalandspatiallagsbetweenwindcoastalupwellingandbluewhaleoccurrence AT dimitriponirakis temporalandspatiallagsbetweenwindcoastalupwellingandbluewhaleoccurrence AT christinagarvey temporalandspatiallagsbetweenwindcoastalupwellingandbluewhaleoccurrence AT leighgtorres temporalandspatiallagsbetweenwindcoastalupwellingandbluewhaleoccurrence
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Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence

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