Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array

Abstract For a wide range of purposes, one faces the challenge to detect light from extremely faint and spatially extended sources. In such cases, detector noises dominate over the photon noise of the source, and quantum detectors in photon counting mode are generally the best option. Here, we combi...

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Autores principales:	Ibtissame Khaoua, Guillaume Graciani, Andrey Kim, François Amblard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28ded1f9c92a483683226f3d18576123
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28ded1f9c92a483683226f3d185761232021-12-02T12:09:05ZDetectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array10.1038/s41598-021-82611-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/28ded1f9c92a483683226f3d185761232021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82611-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract For a wide range of purposes, one faces the challenge to detect light from extremely faint and spatially extended sources. In such cases, detector noises dominate over the photon noise of the source, and quantum detectors in photon counting mode are generally the best option. Here, we combine a statistical model with an in-depth analysis of detector noises and calibration experiments, and we show that visible light can be detected with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices (EM-CCD) with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3 for fluxes less than $$30\,{\text{photon}}\,{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \,{\text{cm}}^{ - 2}$$ 30 photon s - 1 cm - 2 . For green photons, this corresponds to 12 aW $${\text{cm}}^{ - 2}$$ cm - 2 ≈ $$9{ } \times 10^{ - 11}$$ 9 × 10 - 11 lux, i.e. 15 orders of magnitude less than typical daylight. The strong nonlinearity of the SNR with the sampling time leads to a dynamic range of detection of 4 orders of magnitude. To detect possibly varying light fluxes, we operate in conditions of maximal detectivity $${\mathcal{D}}$$ D rather than maximal SNR. Given the quantum efficiency $$QE\left( \lambda \right)$$ Q E λ of the detector, we find $${ \mathcal{D}} = 0.015\,{\text{photon}}^{ - 1} \,{\text{s}}^{1/2} \,{\text{cm}}$$ D = 0.015 photon - 1 s 1 / 2 cm , and a non-negligible sensitivity to blackbody radiation for T > 50 °C. This work should help design highly sensitive luminescence detection methods and develop experiments to explore dynamic phenomena involving ultra-weak luminescence in biology, chemistry, and material sciences.Ibtissame KhaouaGuillaume GracianiAndrey KimFrançois AmblardNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ibtissame Khaoua Guillaume Graciani Andrey Kim François Amblard Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
description	Abstract For a wide range of purposes, one faces the challenge to detect light from extremely faint and spatially extended sources. In such cases, detector noises dominate over the photon noise of the source, and quantum detectors in photon counting mode are generally the best option. Here, we combine a statistical model with an in-depth analysis of detector noises and calibration experiments, and we show that visible light can be detected with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices (EM-CCD) with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3 for fluxes less than $$30\,{\text{photon}}\,{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \,{\text{cm}}^{ - 2}$$ 30 photon s - 1 cm - 2 . For green photons, this corresponds to 12 aW $${\text{cm}}^{ - 2}$$ cm - 2 ≈ $$9{ } \times 10^{ - 11}$$ 9 × 10 - 11 lux, i.e. 15 orders of magnitude less than typical daylight. The strong nonlinearity of the SNR with the sampling time leads to a dynamic range of detection of 4 orders of magnitude. To detect possibly varying light fluxes, we operate in conditions of maximal detectivity $${\mathcal{D}}$$ D rather than maximal SNR. Given the quantum efficiency $$QE\left( \lambda \right)$$ Q E λ of the detector, we find $${ \mathcal{D}} = 0.015\,{\text{photon}}^{ - 1} \,{\text{s}}^{1/2} \,{\text{cm}}$$ D = 0.015 photon - 1 s 1 / 2 cm , and a non-negligible sensitivity to blackbody radiation for T > 50 °C. This work should help design highly sensitive luminescence detection methods and develop experiments to explore dynamic phenomena involving ultra-weak luminescence in biology, chemistry, and material sciences.
format	article
author	Ibtissame Khaoua Guillaume Graciani Andrey Kim François Amblard
author_facet	Ibtissame Khaoua Guillaume Graciani Andrey Kim François Amblard
author_sort	Ibtissame Khaoua
title	Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
title_short	Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
title_full	Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
title_fullStr	Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
title_full_unstemmed	Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
title_sort	detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an em-ccd as binary photon counter array
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/28ded1f9c92a483683226f3d18576123
work_keys_str_mv	AT ibtissamekhaoua detectivityoptimizationtodetectofultraweaklightfluxeswithanemccdasbinaryphotoncounterarray AT guillaumegraciani detectivityoptimizationtodetectofultraweaklightfluxeswithanemccdasbinaryphotoncounterarray AT andreykim detectivityoptimizationtodetectofultraweaklightfluxeswithanemccdasbinaryphotoncounterarray AT francoisamblard detectivityoptimizationtodetectofultraweaklightfluxeswithanemccdasbinaryphotoncounterarray
_version_	1718394680027119616

Detectivity optimization to detect of ultraweak light fluxes with an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array

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